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Building Community Resilience to Disasters: A Review of Interventions to Improve and Measure Public Health Outcomes in the Northeastern United States

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  • Abigail Abrash Walton

    (Center for Climate Preparedness and Community Resilience, Antioch University New England, Keene, NH 03431, USA)

  • Janine Marr

    (Center for Climate Preparedness and Community Resilience, Antioch University New England, Keene, NH 03431, USA)

  • Matthew J. Cahillane

    (New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH 03301, USA)

  • Kathleen Bush

    (New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH 03301, USA)

Abstract

Climate change-related natural disasters, including wildfires and extreme weather events, such as intense storms, floods, and heatwaves, are increasing in frequency and intensity. These events are already profoundly affecting human health in the United States and globally, challenging the ability of communities to prepare, respond, and recover. The purpose of this research was to examine the peer-reviewed literature on community resilience initiatives in one of the most densely populated and economically important regions, the Northeastern United States, and to identify evidence-based interventions and metrics that had been field-tested and evaluated. This paper addresses two critical gaps in the literature: (1) what strategies or interventions have been implemented to build or enhance community resilience against climate change-related natural disasters; and (2) what metrics were used to measure community resilience as an outcome of those strategies or interventions? This review provides a succinct list of effective interventions with specific health outcomes. Community or state-level health officials can use the results to prioritize public health interventions. This review used existing database search tools to discover 205 studies related to community resilience and health outcomes. Methods set criteria to assess if interventions were able to measure and change levels of community resilience to the health impacts associated with a changing climate. Criteria included: (a) alignment with the United States’ National Preparedness Goal for reducing risks to human health and for recovering quickly from disasters; (b) derived from publicly available data sources; (c) developed for use by communities at a local scale; and (d) accessible to modestly resourced municipalities and county health agencies. Five (5) peer-reviewed, evidence-based studies met all of the selection criteria. Three of these articles described intervention frameworks and two reported on the use of standardized tools. Health-related outcomes included mental health impacts (PTSD/depression), mental stress, emergency preparedness knowledge, social capital skills, and emergency planning skills. The paper recommends the COAST project, COPEWELL Rubric for self-assessment, and Ready CDC intervention as examples of strategies that could be adapted by any community engaged in building community resilience.

Suggested Citation

  • Abigail Abrash Walton & Janine Marr & Matthew J. Cahillane & Kathleen Bush, 2021. "Building Community Resilience to Disasters: A Review of Interventions to Improve and Measure Public Health Outcomes in the Northeastern United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-31, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11699-:d:662648
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jonathan M. Winter & Fiona L. Bowen & Trevor F. Partridge & Jonathan W. Chipman, 2019. "Future Extreme Event Risk in the Rural Northeastern United States," Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(4), pages 1110-1130, July.
    2. MacQueen, K.M. & McLellan, E. & Metzger, D.S. & Kegeles, S. & Strauss, R.P. & Scotti, R. & Blanchard, L. & Trotter II, R.T., 2001. "What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(12), pages 1929-1938.
    3. John Ryan-Henry & Austin Becker, 2020. "Port stakeholder perceptions of Sandy impacts: a case study of Red Hook, New York," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(7), pages 885-902, October.
    4. Theresa M. Jedd, 2019. "The limits of resilience in US community responses to recent drought events," Community Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(2), pages 141-159, March.
    5. Plough, A. & Fielding, J.E. & Chandra, A. & Williams, M. & Eisenman, D. & Wells, K.B. & Law, G.Y. & Fogleman, S. & Magaña, A., 2013. "Building community disaster resilience: Perspectives from a large urban county department of public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(7), pages 1190-1197.
    6. Kelly Bergstrand & Brian Mayer & Babette Brumback & Yi Zhang, 2015. "Assessing the Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience to Hazards," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 122(2), pages 391-409, June.
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