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Limits of Negotiable Developer Obligations

Author

Listed:
  • Andreas Hendricks

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Geodesy, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany)

  • Peter Lacoere

    (Department of Built Environment, Real Estate and Land Survey, University of Applied Sciences and Arts HOGENT, 9000 Gent, Belgium)

  • Erwin van der Krabben

    (Department of Geography, Planning and the Environment, Radboud University, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands)

  • Cynthia Oorschot

    (Mitros, 3527 Utrecht, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Many local authorities apply public value capture on new developments to cover the costs of additional public services. The development obligations (DO) they apply can be either negotiable (NDO) or non-negotiable (NNDO). This article examines the limits of NDOs by comparing three national case studies according to the basic principles of proportionality, causality, connection, and lack of transparency for developers. Well-developed building land models and a delineation of applicable cost types offer more transparency for the developer and enable the municipal authorities to establish a fairer distribution of burdens based on actual benefit.

Suggested Citation

  • Andreas Hendricks & Peter Lacoere & Erwin van der Krabben & Cynthia Oorschot, 2021. "Limits of Negotiable Developer Obligations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11364-:d:656423
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Hengstermann, Andreas & Götze, Vera, 2023. "Planning-related land value changes for explaining instruments of compensation and value capture in Switzerland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    2. Melissa Candel, 2021. "Using Sustainability-Oriented Developer Obligations and Public Land Development to Create Public Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-24, December.
    3. Candel, Melissa & Paulsson, Jenny, 2023. "Enhancing public value with co-creation in public land development: The role of municipalities," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).

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