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Insights into Solar Disinfection Enhancements for Drinking Water Treatment Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Abdassalam A. Azamzam

    (Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Rafatullah

    (Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Esam Bashir Yahya

    (Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Mardiana Idayu Ahmad

    (Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Japareng Lalung

    (Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Sarah Alharthi

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abeer Mohammad Alosaimi

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mahmoud A. Hussein

    (Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt)

Abstract

Poor access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene has always been a major concern and a main challenge facing humanity even in the current century. A third of the global population lacks access to microbiologically safe drinking water, especially in rural and poor areas that lack proper treatment facilities. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is widely proven by the World Health Organization as an accepted method for inactivating waterborne pathogens. A significant number of studies have recently been conducted regarding its effectiveness and how to overcome its limitations, by using water pretreatment steps either by physical, chemical, and biological factors or the integration of photocatalysis in SODIS processes. This review covers the role of solar disinfection in water treatment applications, going through different water treatment approaches including physical, chemical, and biological, and discusses the inactivation mechanisms of water pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and even protozoa and fungi. The review also addresses the latest advances in different pre-treatment modifications to enhance the treatment performance of the SODIS process in addition to the main limitations and challenges.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdassalam A. Azamzam & Mohd Rafatullah & Esam Bashir Yahya & Mardiana Idayu Ahmad & Japareng Lalung & Sarah Alharthi & Abeer Mohammad Alosaimi & Mahmoud A. Hussein, 2021. "Insights into Solar Disinfection Enhancements for Drinking Water Treatment Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:19:p:10570-:d:641627
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gill, L.W. & Price, C., 2010. "Preliminary observations of a continuous flow solar disinfection system for a rural community in Kenya," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4607-4611.
    2. Amara, S. & Baghdadli, T. & Knapp, S. & Nordell, B., 2017. "Legionella disinfection by solar concentrator system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 786-792.
    3. Ng, Kai-Wern & Lam, Wei-Haur & Pichiah, Saravanan, 2013. "A review on potential applications of carbon nanotubes in marine current turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 331-339.
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    Cited by:

    1. Syaifullah Muhammad & H. P. S. Abdul Khalil & Shazlina Abd Hamid & Yonss M. Albadn & A. B. Suriani & Suraiya Kamaruzzaman & Azmi Mohamed & Abdulmutalib A. Allaq & Esam Bashir Yahya, 2022. "Insights into Agricultural-Waste-Based Nano-Activated Carbon Fabrication and Modifications for Wastewater Treatment Application," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-20, October.

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