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Review of Remediation Solutions for Acid Mine Drainage Using the Modified Hill Framework

Author

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  • Sandisiwe Khanyisa Thisani

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannebsurg 2006, South Africa)

  • Daramy Vandi Von Kallon

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannebsurg 2006, South Africa)

  • Patrick Byrne

    (School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK)

Abstract

This paper reviews the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) remediation potential and operational costs of twelve existing AMD remediation methods against Class 0 and Class I AMD geochemical characteristics as defined in the Modified Hill Framework. Of the twelve remediation options reviewed in this study, eleven required additional process steps either for further treatment to achieve the discharge limits or for the safe management of hazardous waste by-products. Chemical desalination showed the greatest potential with high quality treated water and operational costs between USD 0.25 and USD 0.75 per cubic meter treated. The management of the toxic metal and sulphide by-products remains a key challenge that requires further research for sustainable mine water remediation. Further development of end-to-end methods suitable for Class 0 AMD with economical operational costs is recommended in order to effectively address the ongoing environmental challenges posed by AMD globally.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandisiwe Khanyisa Thisani & Daramy Vandi Von Kallon & Patrick Byrne, 2021. "Review of Remediation Solutions for Acid Mine Drainage Using the Modified Hill Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:15:p:8118-:d:598075
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bonokwakhe Hezekiel Sukati & Pieter Christiaan De Jager & John George Annandale & Philip Dale Tanner, 2018. "The Hazardous Status of High Density Sludge from Acid Mine Drainage Neutralization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Sandisiwe Khanyisa Thisani & Daramy Vandi Von Kallon & Patrick Byrne, 2021. "A Fixed Bed Pervious Concrete Anaerobic Bioreactor for Biological Sulphate Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage Using Simple Organic Matter," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Sandisiwe Khanyisa Thisani & Daramy Vondi Von Kallon & Patrick Byrne, 2020. "Geochemical Classification of Global Mine Water Drainage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-16, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thobeka Pearl Makhathini & Joseph Kapuku Bwapwa & Sphesihle Mtsweni, 2023. "Various Options for Mining and Metallurgical Waste in the Circular Economy: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Sandisiwe Khanyisa Thisani & Daramy Vandi Von Kallon & Patrick Byrne, 2021. "Effects of Contact Time and Flow Configuration on the Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Capabilities of Pervious Concrete," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-17, September.
    3. Veronika Prepilková & Juraj Poništ & Marián Schwarz & Dagmar Samešová, 2022. "Possibilities of remediation of neutral mine drainage - Removal and recovery of potentially hazardous elements," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 17(4), pages 251-267.

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