IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i14p7921-d594974.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Operation of Public Transportation Ticket Vending Machine in Kraków, Poland: An Eye Tracking Study

Author

Listed:
  • Anton Pashkevich

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Politechnika Krakowska, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Andrzej Szarata

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Politechnika Krakowska, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Tomasz E. Burghardt

    (M. Swarovski GmbH, Industriestraße 10, 3300 Amstetten, Austria)

  • Rafał Jaremski

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Politechnika Krakowska, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Matúš Šucha

    (Faculty of Arts, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Whereas the majority of evaluations of self-service kiosks are based on interviews or observations and as such are burdened with personal bias, eye tracking was seen as a method for an objective analysis. To demonstrate the feasibility and usability of such an assessment technique, the task of purchasing a public transportation ticket from a modern ticket vending machine in Kraków, Poland was evaluated. The test participants relatively easily operated the machine with time taken to purchase a ticket ranging from 54 s for foreigners not familiar with the equipment to 29 s for local inhabitants. Even though the number of gazes recorded for the foreigners group was 2.4 times higher than for the local test participants, the fixation times were almost equal. Faulty or delayed operation of the payment terminal was a meaningful equipment issue encountered by eight test participants. The study demonstrated that the operation of the analysed ticket vending machine should not cause much trouble to anyone. The use of an eye tracker, which was employed for such an assessment for the first time, permitted the identification of possible operational ambiguities that could hinder the user experience without the bias associated with other assessment techniques. The used method was found to be efficient and the results provided valuable information.

Suggested Citation

  • Anton Pashkevich & Andrzej Szarata & Tomasz E. Burghardt & Rafał Jaremski & Matúš Šucha, 2021. "Operation of Public Transportation Ticket Vending Machine in Kraków, Poland: An Eye Tracking Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7921-:d:594974
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7921/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7921/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pucher, John, 1995. "The road to ruin? : Impacts of economic shock therapy on urban transport in Poland," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 5-13, January.
    2. Miles Stan & Pyne Derek, 2017. "The Economics of Scams," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kudłak, Robert & Kisiała, Wojciech & Kołsut, Bartłomiej, 2024. "Systemic transformation, political reforms and car ownership in Poland," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    2. Poudenx, Pascal, 2008. "The effect of transportation policies on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission from urban passenger transportation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 42(6), pages 901-909, July.
    3. Papagiannakis, Apostolos & Baraklianos, Ioannis & Spyridonidou, Alexia, 2018. "Urban travel behaviour and household income in times of economic crisis: Challenges and perspectives for sustainable mobility," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 51-60.
    4. Daniel J. Benjamin & Ori Heffetz & Miles S. Kimball & Alex Rees-Jones, 2010. "Do People Seek to Maximize Happiness? Evidence from New Surveys," NBER Working Papers 16489, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Pucher, J., 1999. "The transformation of urban transport in the Czech Republic, 1988-1998," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 225-236, October.
    6. Christian Leuz & Steffen Meyer & Maximilian Muhn & Eugene Soltes & Andreas Hackethal, 2017. "Who Falls Prey to the Wolf of Wall Street? Investor Participation in Market Manipulation," NBER Working Papers 24083, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Jurkowski Wojciech & Smolarski Mateusz, 2021. "The influence of transport offer on passenger traffic in the railway transport system in a post-socialist country: case study of Poland," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 53(53), pages 33-42, September.
    8. Gadziński, Jędrzej & Radzimski, Adam, 2016. "The first rapid tram line in Poland: How has it affected travel behaviours, housing choices and satisfaction, and apartment prices?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 451-463.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7921-:d:594974. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.