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Anthropic Effects on the Biodiversity of the Habitats of Ferula gummosa

Author

Listed:
  • Parviz Moradi

    (Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Farhad Aghajanloo

    (Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Ahmad Moosavi

    (Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Hossein Hosseini Monfared

    (Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Jafar Khalafi

    (Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Mehdi Taghiloo

    (Department of Education Zanjan, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Tooraj Khoshzaman

    (Department of Education Zanjan, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Mohammad Shojaee

    (Department of Education Zanjan, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195, Iran)

  • Andrea Mastinu

    (Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

Abstract

The uncontrolled exploitation of soil and plants by people has generated important ecological imbalances all over the world. This manuscript focuses its attention on the ecosystem of Ferula gummosa (FG) . FG belongs to the Apiaceae family and has a vast distribution from central Asia to South Africa, as well as northwest Iran, including the Zanjan Province. This plant has diverse applications across industrial, forage and medicinal fields. To investigate the effective factors on the FG distribution, four main natural habitats were selected based on field visits and a literature review. Then, environmental factors, such as climate features, topography conditions, and soil characteristics, were collected and analysed. According to the results, the slope is mainly north-northeast with a slope of 55 to 70 degrees, and an elevation range above 2200 m is suitable for the growth of FG in the Zanjan Province. The main companion plants were Silene bupleuroides L. and Thymus kotschyanus . The results show that in the habitats where FG grew, the soil was mostly shallow, sometimes semi-deep and consisting mainly of loam, loamy sand, loamy clay and mostly clay loam with very low salinity (less than 0.7 dS/m), and was in the neutral range of soil acidity (6.9 to 7.33). Soil organic carbon was relatively high, but the amount of nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium, was less than optimal in these soils. Next, using a Geographic Information System (GIS), maps of homogeneous areas for possible FG establishment across the province were created. In conclusion, the main factors affecting the FG distribution in the Zanjan Province were land use conversion, harvesting fodder and grazing livestock, improper exploitation of rangelands, pests and diseases of Ferula gummosa in the region. The ecological data collected on FG may be useful to understand how human action can affect the existence and extinction of many plant species.

Suggested Citation

  • Parviz Moradi & Farhad Aghajanloo & Ahmad Moosavi & Hossein Hosseini Monfared & Jafar Khalafi & Mehdi Taghiloo & Tooraj Khoshzaman & Mohammad Shojaee & Andrea Mastinu, 2021. "Anthropic Effects on the Biodiversity of the Habitats of Ferula gummosa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-13, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7874-:d:594281
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Esmaeil Zangani & Kamran Afsahi & Farid Shekari & Eileen Mac Sweeney & Andrea Mastinu, 2021. "Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-10, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hamidreza Mirdavoudi & Darush Ghorbanian & Sedigheh Zarekia & Javad Miri Soleiman & Mashaalaah Ghonchepur & Eileen Mac Sweeney & Andrea Mastinu, 2022. "Ecological Niche Modelling and Potential Distribution of Artemisia sieberi in the Iranian Steppe Vegetation," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Nasrullah Khan & Rafi Ullah & Kishwar Ali & David Aaron Jones & Muhammad Ezaz Hasan Khan, 2022. "Invasive Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Causes Habitat Homogenization and Affects the Spatial Distribution of Vegetation in the Semi-Arid Regions of Northern Pakistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Sajjad Nasiri & Babak Andalibi & Afshin Tavakoli & Mohammad Amir Delavar & Ali El-Keblawy & Lukas Van Zwieten & Andrea Mastinu, 2023. "The Mineral Biochar Alters the Biochemical and Microbial Properties of the Soil and the Grain Yield of Hordeum vulgare L. under Drought Stress," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Nadia Kamali & Ahmad Sadeghipour & Mahshid Souri & Andrea Mastinu, 2022. "Variations in Soil Biological and Biochemical Indicators under Different Grazing Intensities and Seasonal Changes," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, September.

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