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Variations in Soil Biological and Biochemical Indicators under Different Grazing Intensities and Seasonal Changes

Author

Listed:
  • Nadia Kamali

    (Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran 13185-116, Iran)

  • Ahmad Sadeghipour

    (Desert Studies Faculties, Semnan University, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran)

  • Mahshid Souri

    (Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran 13185-116, Iran)

  • Andrea Mastinu

    (Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

Abstract

Knowledge of variations in soil biological and biochemical indicators with grazing and seasonal changes is important for assessing soil quality and required management. Lack of proper management could induce irreversible damage to the soil structure; therefore, a seasonal experiment was carried out in Salook National Park, Iran; arranged in a factorial-based randomized complete block design (RCBD) in all seasons of a year. The study area had three plots including a no-hunting area, national park, and protected area. Our data showed that overgrazing has altered the chemical–physical components of the soil with effects on the soil microbiome. The most affected areas are those subjected to the hunting ban and in the summer season. It could be concluded that low grazing intensity while protecting the soil ecosystem structure would increase the biochemical and biological characteristics of the soil and provide adequate conditions for providing forage to the natural herbivores living in this area. In order to preserve the biological resources of the region, it is strongly recommended that the level of protection be increased, especially in areas where hunting is prohibited.

Suggested Citation

  • Nadia Kamali & Ahmad Sadeghipour & Mahshid Souri & Andrea Mastinu, 2022. "Variations in Soil Biological and Biochemical Indicators under Different Grazing Intensities and Seasonal Changes," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:1537-:d:912420
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Parviz Moradi & Farhad Aghajanloo & Ahmad Moosavi & Hossein Hosseini Monfared & Jafar Khalafi & Mehdi Taghiloo & Tooraj Khoshzaman & Mohammad Shojaee & Andrea Mastinu, 2021. "Anthropic Effects on the Biodiversity of the Habitats of Ferula gummosa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Esmaeil Zangani & Kamran Afsahi & Farid Shekari & Eileen Mac Sweeney & Andrea Mastinu, 2021. "Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-10, May.
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