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Membrane Filtration as Post-Treatment of Rotating Biological Contactor for Wastewater Treatment

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  • Sharjeel Waqas

    (Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
    School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Roil Bilad

    (Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
    Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Nurul Huda

    (Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
    Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia)

  • Noorfidza Yub Harun

    (Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin

    (Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Norazanita Shamsuddin

    (Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei)

  • Yusuf Wibisono

    (Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia)

  • Asim Laeeq Khan

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Jumardi Roslan

    (Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia)

Abstract

A rotating biological contactor (RBC) offers a low energy footprint but suffers from performance instability, making it less popular for domestic wastewater treatment. This paper presents a study on an RBC integrated with membrane technology in which membrane filtration was used as a post-treatment step (RBC–ME) to achieve enhanced biological performance. The RBC and RBC–ME systems were operated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 12, 18, 24, and 48 h, and the effects of HRT on biological performance and effluent filterability were assessed. The results show that RBC–ME demonstrates superior biological performance than the standalone RBC. The RBC–ME bioreactor achieved 87.9 ± 3.2% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 98.9 ± 1.1% ammonium, 45.2 ± 0.7% total nitrogen (TN), and 97.9 ± 0.1% turbidity removals. A comparison of the HRTs showed that COD and TN removal efficiency was the highest at 48 h, with 92.4 ± 2.4% and 48.6 ± 1.3% removal efficiencies, respectively. The longer HRTs also lead to better RBC effluent filterability. The steady-state permeability increased respectively by 2.4%, 9.5%, and 19.1% at HRTs of 18, 24, and 48 h, compared to 12 h. Our analysis of membrane fouling shows that fouling resistance decreased at higher HRTs. Overall, RBC–ME offered a promising alternative for traditional suspended growth processes with higher microbial activity and enhanced biological performance, which is in line with the requirements of sustainable development and environment-friendly treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Sharjeel Waqas & Muhammad Roil Bilad & Nurul Huda & Noorfidza Yub Harun & Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin & Norazanita Shamsuddin & Yusuf Wibisono & Asim Laeeq Khan & Jumardi Roslan, 2021. "Membrane Filtration as Post-Treatment of Rotating Biological Contactor for Wastewater Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7287-:d:584769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maartje A. H. J. van Kessel & Daan R. Speth & Mads Albertsen & Per H. Nielsen & Huub J. M. Op den Camp & Boran Kartal & Mike S. M. Jetten & Sebastian Lücker, 2015. "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism," Nature, Nature, vol. 528(7583), pages 555-559, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Irfan & Sharjeel Waqas & Javed Akbar Khan & Saifur Rahman & Izabela Kruszelnicka & Dobrochna Ginter-Kramarczyk & Stanislaw Legutko & Marek Ochowiak & Sylwia Włodarczak & Krystian Czernek, 2022. "Effect of Operating Parameters and Energy Expenditure on the Biological Performance of Rotating Biological Contactor for Wastewater Treatment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Ching Yi Hong & Khalida Muda & Hazlami Fikri Basri & Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie & Jauharah Md Khudzari & Nur Shahidah Aftar Ali & Farhan Mohd Pauzi, 2024. "Discovering research evolution and emerging trends in ammonium wastewater treatment technologies: a bibliometric analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 21877-21911, September.

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