IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i12p6697-d574088.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Adaptive or Absent: A Critical Review of Building System Resilience in the LEED Rating System

Author

Listed:
  • Danielle De Castro

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Campus Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

  • Amy Kim

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Campus Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

Abstract

Since people living in developed nations across Europe, North America, and Australia spend most of their lives indoors, protecting indoor environmental quality is critical for protecting human health. As stressors such as COVID-19 and climate change further complicate living conditions, conflicting system priorities underscore the need for resilience in all building systems. In the engineering and architectural fields, sustainability rating frameworks are used to note, reward, and motivate the use of sustainable practices. As such, it is crucial to ensure that these frameworks genuinely encourage resilience in building systems. This paper conducts a review of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design–Building Design and Construction (LEED BD+C v4.1) framework for New Construction through a credit-level analysis, to determine the extent to which the framework encourages the resilience of building systems beyond the scope of structure. Researchers identified, tabulated, and deconstructed relevant credits according to four key resilience factors: diversity, efficiency, adaptability, and cohesion. Findings indicated that, while efficiency is well supported, diversity, adaptability, and cohesion can be enhanced. The existing rating system provides a strong base upon which improvements can be made, but falls short of adequately encouraging the wide adoption of resilience needed for long-term sustainability. In short, while the LEED credits do reward resilient designs, they do not yet actively inspire them.

Suggested Citation

  • Danielle De Castro & Amy Kim, 2021. "Adaptive or Absent: A Critical Review of Building System Resilience in the LEED Rating System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6697-:d:574088
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/12/6697/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/12/6697/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mikhail Chester & Mounir El Asmar & Samantha Hayes & Cheryl Desha, 2021. "Post-Disaster Infrastructure Delivery for Resilience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Giuseppe Barbaro & Marcelo Gomes Miguez & Matheus Martins de Sousa & Anna Beatriz Ribeiro da Cruz Franco & Paula Morais Canedo de Magalhães & Giandomenico Foti & Matheus Rocha Valadão & Irene Occhiuto, 2021. "Innovations in Best Practices: Approaches to Managing Urban Areas and Reducing Flood Risk in Reggio Calabria (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Ali Amiri & Juudit Ottelin & Jaana Sorvari, 2019. "Are LEED-Certified Buildings Energy-Efficient in Practice?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Licia Felicioni & Antonín Lupíšek & Jacopo Gaspari, 2023. "Exploring the Common Ground of Sustainability and Resilience in the Building Sector: A Systematic Literature Review and Analysis of Building Rating Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Ziyi Wang & Zengqiao Chen & Cuiping Ma & Ronald Wennersten & Qie Sun, 2022. "Nationwide Evaluation of Urban Energy System Resilience in China Using a Comprehensive Index Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-36, February.
    3. Farzaneh Karimi & Nima Valibeig & Gholamhossein Memarian & Aliakbar Kamari, 2022. "Sustainability Rating Systems for Historic Buildings: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, September.
    4. Moghadam, Talie T. & Ochoa Morales, Carlos E. & Lopez Zambrano, Maria J. & Bruton, Ken & O'Sullivan, Dominic T.J., 2023. "Energy efficient ventilation and indoor air quality in the context of COVID-19 - A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lavinia Chiara Tagliabue & Fulvio Re Cecconi & Sebastiano Maltese & Stefano Rinaldi & Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini & Alessandra Flammini, 2021. "Leveraging Digital Twin for Sustainability Assessment of an Educational Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Niina Leskinen & Jussi Vimpari & Seppo Junnila, 2020. "A Review of the Impact of Green Building Certification on the Cash Flows and Values of Commercial Properties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Yuanyuan Yang & Wenhui Zhang & Zhe Liu & Dengfeng Liu & Qiang Huang & Jun Xia, 2023. "Coupling a Distributed Time Variant Gain Model into a Storm Water Management Model to Simulate Runoffs in a Sponge City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.
    4. Mohamed Marzouk & Rana Ayman & Zaid Alwan & Nehal Elshaboury, 2022. "Green building system integration into project delivery utilising BIM," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(5), pages 6467-6480, May.
    5. Prescott C. Ensign & Shawn Roy & Tom Brzustowski, 2021. "Decisions by Key Office Building Stakeholders to Build or Retrofit Green in Toronto’s Urban Core," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-31, June.
    6. Vaisi, Salah & Varmazyari, Pouya & Esfandiari, Masoud & Sharbaf, Sara A., 2023. "Developing a multi-level energy benchmarking and certification system for office buildings in a cold climate region," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    7. Rahimi-Golkhandan, Armin & Aslani, Babak & Mohebbi, Shima, 2022. "Predictive resilience of interdependent water and transportation infrastructures: A sociotechnical approach," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    8. Duy Hoang Pham & Joosung Lee & Yonghan Ahn, 2019. "Implementing LEED v4 BD+C Projects in Vietnam: Contributions and Challenges for General Contractor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Yu Chen & Jacopo Gaspari, 2023. "Exploring an Integrated System for Urban Stormwater Management: A Systematic Literature Review of Solutions at Building and District Scales," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    10. Ranjita Singh & Philip Walsh & Christina Mazza, 2019. "Sustainable Housing: Understanding the Barriers to Adopting Net Zero Energy Homes in Ontario, Canada," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-21, November.
    11. Acinia Nindartin & Hee-Woon Moon & Sang-Jun Park & Kyung-Tae Lee & Jin-Bin Im & Ju-Hyung Kim, 2022. "Influencing of the Building Energy Policies upon the Efficiency of Energy Consumption: The Case of Courthouse Buildings in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-17, September.
    12. Carmela Cucuzzella, 2021. "Making the Invisible Visible: Eco-Art and Design against the Anthropocene," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Ali Amiri & Juudit Ottelin & Jaana Sorvari & Seppo Junnila, 2020. "Economic and Technical Considerations in Pursuing Green Building Certification: A Case Study from Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, January.
    14. Baoquan Cheng & Jingwei Li & Vivian W. Y. Tam & Ming Yang & Dong Chen, 2020. "A BIM-LCA Approach for Estimating the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Large-Scale Public Buildings: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, January.
    15. Sangtae No & Chungyeon Won, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption between Green Building Certified and Non-Certified Buildings in Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6697-:d:574088. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.