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The Use of Cluster Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Daily Water Demand Patterns

Author

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  • Paulina Dzimińska

    (MWiK—The Water Supply and Sewage Company of Bydgoszcz Sp. z o.o., 85-817 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Stanisław Drzewiecki

    (MWiK—The Water Supply and Sewage Company of Bydgoszcz Sp. z o.o., 85-817 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Marek Ruman

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland)

  • Klaudia Kosek

    (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Karol Mikołajewski

    (Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
    RETENCJAPL Sp. z o.o., 80-868 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Paweł Licznar

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-377 Wroclaw, Poland)

Abstract

Proper determination of unitary water demand and diurnal distribution of water consumption (water consumption histogram) provides the basis for designing, dimensioning, and all analyses of water supply networks. It is important in the case of mathematical modelling of flows in the water supply network, particularly during the determination of nodal water demands in the context of Extended Period Simulation (EPS). Considering the above, the analysis of hourly water consumption in selected apartment buildings was performed to verify the justification of the application of grouping by means of k-means clustering. The article presents a detailed description of the adopted methodology, as well as the obtained results in the form of synthetic distributions of hourly water consumption, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on their change.

Suggested Citation

  • Paulina Dzimińska & Stanisław Drzewiecki & Marek Ruman & Klaudia Kosek & Karol Mikołajewski & Paweł Licznar, 2021. "The Use of Cluster Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Daily Water Demand Patterns," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:11:p:5772-:d:559074
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Renukappa, Suresh & Kamunda, Andrew & Suresh, Subashini, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on water sector projects and practices," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Zhao, Ning & You, Fengqi, 2021. "Food-energy-water-waste nexus systems optimization for New York State under the COVID-19 pandemic to alleviate health and environmental concerns," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
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    1. Bruno Barroca & Maria Fabrizia Clemente & Zhuyu Yang, 2023. "Application of “Behind the Barriers” Model at Neighbourhood Scale to Improve Water Management under Multi-Risks Scenarios: A Case Study in Lyon, France," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-21, January.

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