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Wood Ashes from Grate-Fired Heat and Power Plants: Evaluation of Nutrient and Heavy Metal Contents

Author

Listed:
  • Hans Bachmaier

    (Technology and Support Centre in the Centre of Excellence for Renewable Resources (TFZ), Schulgasse 18, 94315 Straubing, Germany)

  • Daniel Kuptz

    (Technology and Support Centre in the Centre of Excellence for Renewable Resources (TFZ), Schulgasse 18, 94315 Straubing, Germany)

  • Hans Hartmann

    (Technology and Support Centre in the Centre of Excellence for Renewable Resources (TFZ), Schulgasse 18, 94315 Straubing, Germany)

Abstract

Ashes from biomass heat (and power) plants that apply untreated woody biofuels may be suitable for use as fertilizers if certain requirements regarding pollutant and nutrient contents are met. The aim of this study was to examine if both bottom and cyclone ashes from 17 Bavarian heating plants and one ash collection depot are suitable as fertilizers ( n = 50). The range and average values of relevant nutrients and pollutants in the ashes were analyzed and evaluated for conformity with the German Fertilizer Ordinance (DüMV). Approximately 30% of the bottom ashes directly complied with the heavy metal limits of the Fertilizer Ordinance. The limits were exceeded for chromium(VI) (62%), cadmium (12%) and lead (4%). If chromium(VI) could be reduced by suitable treatment, 85% of the bottom ashes would comply with the required limit values. Cyclone ashes were high in cadmium, lead, and zinc. The analysis of the main nutrients showed high values for potassium and calcium in bottom ashes, but also relevant amounts of phosphorus, making them suitable as fertilizers if pollutant limits are met. Quality assurance systems should be applied at biomass heating plants to improve ash quality if wood ashes are used as fertilizers in agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Hans Bachmaier & Daniel Kuptz & Hans Hartmann, 2021. "Wood Ashes from Grate-Fired Heat and Power Plants: Evaluation of Nutrient and Heavy Metal Contents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:10:p:5482-:d:554275
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hossein Beidaghy Dizaji & Thomas Zeng & Volker Lenz & Dirk Enke, 2022. "Valorization of Residues from Energy Conversion of Biomass for Advanced and Sustainable Material Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-5, April.
    2. Alicja Kicińska & Grzegorz Caba, 2021. "Leaching of Chlorides, Sulphates, and Phosphates from Ashes Formed as a Result of Burning Conventional Fuels, Alternative Fuels, and Municipal Waste in Household Furnaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, June.

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