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Telecoupling of the Trade of Donkey-Hides between Botswana and China: Challenges and Opportunities

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  • Dimpho Malebogo Matlhola

    (Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
    Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, P/Bag 285 Maun, Botswana)

  • Ruishan Chen

    (Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China)

Abstract

International trade has become a major threat to biodiversity in the telecoupled world. The literature on biodiversity loss mostly concentrates on wild species; however, the increasing loss of and demand for domesticated species are overlooked. Donkeys are decreasing in many countries because of economic development, urbanization, and increased demand for donkey hides in China. The donkey population in Africa has rapidly declined recently due to supplying China with donkey hides for the production of highly demanded and legalized traditional medicine, ejiao . As a result, some African countries, including Botswana, banned the export of donkey hides. Animal protection and media continuously reported threats over the extinction of donkeys and exacerbated rural livelihood in developing countries, however, limited literature has investigated the causes and effects of donkey-hide trade and its policy interventions. This paper applies the telecoupling framework and uses the data extracted from the media reports and FAO, to understand the scale and impacts of donkey-hide trade from Botswana to China. We also explore the challenges and opportunities of donkey-hide trade for Botswana, highlighting the mechanisms need to be established to regulate the donkey-hide trade, and also to harness available opportunities if the trade ban is lifted in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Dimpho Malebogo Matlhola & Ruishan Chen, 2020. "Telecoupling of the Trade of Donkey-Hides between Botswana and China: Challenges and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:1730-:d:325125
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2004. "Trade, Growth, and the Environment," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 42(1), pages 7-71, March.
    2. Cole, Matthew A., 2004. "Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve: examining the linkages," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 71-81, January.
    3. Ngai-Ching Wong & Man-Chung Ng, 2004. "The No Trade Principle in General Environments," Econometric Society 2004 Far Eastern Meetings 630, Econometric Society.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lameru Kacaw & Bor-Wen Tsai, 2023. "The Application of PPGIS to Telecoupling Research: A Case Study of the Agricultural Landscape Transformation in an Indigenous Village in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Reis, G.G. & Heidemann, M.S. & Goes, H.A.A. & Molento, C.F.M., 2021. "Can radical innovation mitigate environmental and animal welfare misconduct in global value chains? The case of cell-based tuna," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    3. Xiaona Guo & Ruishan Chen & Qiang Li & Michael E. Meadows, 2021. "Achieving Win–Win Solutions in Telecoupled Human–Land Systems," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-15, March.
    4. Zhang Ya & Kuangyuan Pei, 2022. "Factors Influencing Agricultural Products Trade between China and Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, May.

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