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Characterizing Humic Substances from Native Halophyte Soils by Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Parallel Factor Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Dongping Liu

    (Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Huibin Yu

    (Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Fang Yang

    (Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Li Liu

    (Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
    School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110136, China)

  • Hongjie Gao

    (Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Bing Cui

    (College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China)

Abstract

Soil is one of the principal substrates of human life and can serve as a reservoir of water and nutrients. Humic substances, indicators of soil fertility, are dominant in soil organic matter. However, soil degradation has been occurring all over the world, usually by soil salinization. Sustainable soil productivity has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices integrated with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were applied to characterize the components of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) substances extracted from soils from the Liaohe River Delta, China. Along the saline gradient, soil samples with four disparate depths were gathered from four aboriginal halophyte communities, i.e., the Suaeda salsa Community (SSC), Chenopodium album Community (CAC), Phragmites australis Community (PAC), and Artemisia selengensis Community (ASC). Six components (C1 to C6) were identified in the FA and HA substances. The FA dominant fractions accounted for an average of 45.81% of the samples, whereas the HA dominant fractions accounted for an average of 42.72%. Mature levels of the HA fractions were higher than those of the FA fractions, so was the condensation degree, microbial activity, and humification degree of the FA fractions. C1 was associated with the ultraviolet FA, C2 was referred to as visible FA, C3 and C4 were relative to ultraviolet HA, C5 represented microbial humic-like substances (MH), and C6 referred to visible HA. C1, C2, C5 and C6 were latent factors of the FA fractions, determined using the CCA method and could possibly be used to differentiate among the SSC, CAC, PAC and ASC samples. C3, C4, C6 and C5 were latent factors of the HA fractions, which might be able to distinguish the ASC samples from the SSC, CAC and PAC samples. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with the PARAFAC and CCA is a practical technique that is applied to assess the humic substance content of salinized soils.

Suggested Citation

  • Dongping Liu & Huibin Yu & Fang Yang & Li Liu & Hongjie Gao & Bing Cui, 2020. "Characterizing Humic Substances from Native Halophyte Soils by Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Parallel Factor Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:23:p:9787-:d:449885
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Catarina Vizetto-Duarte & Filipe Figueiredo & Maria João Rodrigues & Cristina Polo & Eva Rešek & Luísa Custódio, 2019. "Sustainable Valorization of Halophytes from the Mediterranean Area: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Their Fatty Acid Profile and Implications for Human and Animal Nutrition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Jie Xu & Yi Liu & Chao Zhu & Honglei Jia & Changyan Tian & Hongrui Ma & Guanghui Lv, 2020. "NaCl Improves Suaeda salsa Aniline Tolerance in Wastewater," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-16, September.
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