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Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

Author

Listed:
  • Ling Li

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation, Shihezi 832000, China)

  • Hongguang Liu

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation, Shihezi 832000, China)

  • Xinlin He

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation, Shihezi 832000, China)

  • En Lin

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation, Shihezi 832000, China)

  • Guang Yang

    (College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
    Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation, Shihezi 832000, China)

Abstract

Winter irrigation affected the movement of soil moisture, temperature, and salt, which was an effective improvement measure widely used in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. In this paper, we investigated the effects of different salinized cotton fields (mild salinization (S1), 5.15 g·kg −1 ; moderate salinization (S2), 8.17 g·kg −1 ; severe salinization (S3), 11.15 g·kg −1 ) and different winter irrigation rates (W0, 0 m 3 ·hm -2 ; W1, 3000 m 3 ·hm -2 ; W2, 3600 m 3 ·hm -2 ; W3, 4200 m 3 ·hm -2 ) on soil moisture, temperature, salinity, and cotton growth in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. The results showed that the winter irrigation affected the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture, temperature, and salinity, and the winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization were significantly correlated with soil moisture, temperature, and salinity ( p < 0.01). Winter irrigation stabilized the soil temperature and reduced the freeze–thaw index of the soil. The heat conservation effect of winter irrigation increased with increasing winter irrigation rate and salinization degree, with the greatest effect on the freezing index of S2 and on the thawing index of S3. The soil water content and total salt concentration before spring tillage were significantly correlated with winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization ( p < 0.05), and when the winter irrigation quota of different salinized cotton fields was greater than 3600 m 3 ·hm -2 , the moisture content of soil layer 0–100cm increased by more than 20%, and the desalination reached over 40%, compared with the values before winter irrigation. Winter irrigation improved the emergence rate and yield of cotton, with the soil salinization degree being significantly negatively correlated and winter irrigation rate significantly positively correlated with the emergence rate and yield of cotton fields in the following year ( p < 0.01). Compared with the control treatment without winter irrigation, the average increases in cotton yield were W3 (53.32%) > W2 (45.00%) > W1 (29.36%). There was no significant difference in seedling emergence rate or yield between slightly and moderately salinized cotton fields under high winter irrigation rates (W2 and W3) ( p > 0.05), although the seedling emergence rate and yield of severely salinized cotton fields increased significantly with increasing winter irrigation rate. In conclusion, winter irrigation proved to be a valuable treatment for severely salinized cotton fields, and the results of this study allowed us to determine the optimal winter irrigation rate for saline alkali cotton fields.

Suggested Citation

  • Ling Li & Hongguang Liu & Xinlin He & En Lin & Guang Yang, 2020. "Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-27, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:18:p:7573-:d:413337
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Qiaonan Yang & Can Hu & Jie Li & Xiaokang Yi & Jie Zhang & Zhilin Sun, 2022. "Design and Testing of a Separation and Desalination Device for Farmland Saline–Alkaline Water in Arid Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Liu, Yi & Hu, Yue & Wei, Chenchen & Zeng, Wenzhi & Huang, Jiesheng & Ao, Chang, 2024. "Synergistic regulation of irrigation and drainage based on crop salt tolerance and leaching threshold," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    3. Qiaonan Yang & Can Hu & Jie Li & Xiaokang Yi & Yichuan He & Jie Zhang & Zhilin Sun, 2021. "A Separation and Desalination Process for Farmland Saline-Alkaline Water," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Honghong Ma & Tao Yang & Xinxiang Niu & Zhenan Hou & Xingwang Ma, 2021. "Sound Water and Nitrogen Management Decreases Nitrogen Losses from a Drip-Fertigated Cotton Field in Northwestern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-13, January.

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