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An Adaptive Feed-Forward Phase Locked Loop for Grid Synchronization of Renewable Energy Systems under Wide Frequency Deviations

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  • Aravind Chellachi Kathiresan

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MepcoSchlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi 626005, India)

  • Jeyaraj PandiaRajan

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MepcoSchlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi 626005, India)

  • Asokan Sivaprakash

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MepcoSchlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi 626005, India)

  • Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu

    (Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga National, Kajang 43000, Malaysia)

  • Md. Rabiul Islam

    (School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia)

Abstract

Synchronization is a crucial problem in the grid-connected inverter’s control and operation. A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a typical grid synchronization strategy, which ought to have a high resistance to power system uncertainties since its sensitivity influences the generated reference signal. The traditional PLL catches the phase and frequency of the input signal via the feedback loop filter (LF). In general, to enhance the steady-state capability during distorted grid conditions generally, a filter tuned for nominal frequency is used. This PLL corrects large frequency deviations around the nominal frequency, which increases the PLL’s locking time. Therefore, this paper presents an adaptive feed-forward PLL, where the input signal frequency and phase under large frequency deviations are tracked precisely, which overcomes the above-mentioned limitations. The proposed adaptive PLL consists of a feedback loop that reduces the phase error. The feed-forward loop predicts the frequency and phase error, and the frequency adaptive FIR filter reduces the ripples in output, which is due to input distortions. The adaptive mechanism adjusts the gain of the filter in accordance with the supply frequency. This reduces the phase and frequency error and also decreases the locking time under wide frequency deviations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive feed-forward PLL, the system was tested under different grid abnormal conditions. Further, the stability analysis has been carried out via a developed prototype test platform in the laboratory. To bring the proposed simulations into real-time implementations and for control strategies, an Altera Cyclone II field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board has been used. The obtained results of the proposed PLL via simulations and hardware are compared with conventional techniques, and it indicates the superiority of the proposed method. The proposed PLL effectively able to tackle the different grid uncertainties, which can be observed from the results presented in the result section.

Suggested Citation

  • Aravind Chellachi Kathiresan & Jeyaraj PandiaRajan & Asokan Sivaprakash & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Md. Rabiul Islam, 2020. "An Adaptive Feed-Forward Phase Locked Loop for Grid Synchronization of Renewable Energy Systems under Wide Frequency Deviations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-15, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:17:p:7048-:d:405852
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rosa Anna Mastromauro, 2020. "Grid Synchronization and Islanding Detection Methods for Single-Stage Photovoltaic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-25, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bashar Aldbaiat & Mutasim Nour & Eyad Radwan & Emad Awada, 2022. "Grid-Connected PV System with Reactive Power Management and an Optimized SRF-PLL Using Genetic Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    2. K. Premkumar & M. Vishnupriya & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & B. V. Manikandan & T. Thamizhselvan & A. Nazar Ali & Md. Rabiul Islam & Abbas Z. Kouzani & M. A. Parvez Mahmud, 2020. "Black Widow Optimization-Based Optimal PI-Controlled Wind Turbine Emulator," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Rajavelu Dharani & Madasamy Balasubramonian & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Benedetto Nastasi, 2021. "Load Shifting and Peak Clipping for Reducing Energy Consumption in an Indian University Campus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, January.
    4. Issam A. Smadi & Hanady A. Kreashan & Ibrahem E. Atawi, 2023. "Enhancing the Filtering Capability and the Dynamic Performance of a Third-Order Phase-Locked Loop under Distorted Grid Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, February.

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