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A Successful Approach of the First Ecological Compensation Demonstration for Crossing Provinces of Downstream and Upstream in China

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  • Guoguang Li

    (Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

  • Qingxiu Wang

    (Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

  • Guihuan Liu

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Yue Zhao

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Yuqiu Wang

    (Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

  • Shitao Peng

    (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China)

  • Yanjie Wei

    (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China)

  • Jinnan Wang

    (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract

As the first pilot provincial water environmental compensation set up at the national level, the Xin’anjiang River Basin plays a very important exemplary and guiding role in the ecological compensation of transboundary basins in China. There is no paper evaluating the environmental performance in watershed scale after getting rid of the natural factor’s effect. Here we issue a new approach to evaluate it, combing the SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models and data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, based on counterfactual scenarios. After ecological compensation, the results show that the decrease of total nitrogen (TN) non-point source export coefficient was stable (17.16–17.78% in different sources), while that of total phosphorus (TP; 8.51–17.75%) and permanganate index (COD Mn ; 13.10–21.41%) was not. The projects of fertilizer application’s effects were relatively obvious; on average, the decreases of the export coefficients were 17.16%, 17.75%, and 21.41% in TN, TP, and COD Mn models, respectively, showing the importance of eco-compensation regulation, not only in non-point source pollution reduction but also resulting in high levels of eco-compensation efficiencies, especially in scale efficiencies. By assessing parameter and modeling uncertainty with the use of the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method, the models’ structure well represents the hydrological behavior. This study also provides policymakers with a new perspective in accurately measuring the impact of environmental performance, to guide the next step of environmental investment optimization.

Suggested Citation

  • Guoguang Li & Qingxiu Wang & Guihuan Liu & Yue Zhao & Yuqiu Wang & Shitao Peng & Yanjie Wei & Jinnan Wang, 2020. "A Successful Approach of the First Ecological Compensation Demonstration for Crossing Provinces of Downstream and Upstream in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:15:p:6021-:d:390321
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Engel, Stefanie & Pagiola, Stefano & Wunder, Sven, 2008. "Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice: An overview of the issues," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(4), pages 663-674, May.
    2. Xueqiang Lu & Bin Zhou & Rolf D. Vogt & Hans M. Seip & Zhiwei Xin & Östen Ekengren, 2016. "Rethinking China’s water policy: the worst water quality despite the most stringent standards," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(7), pages 1044-1048, November.
    3. Cook, Wade D. & Seiford, Larry M., 2009. "Data envelopment analysis (DEA) - Thirty years on," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 192(1), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Malin Song & Shuhong Wang & Kaiya Wu, 2018. "Environment-biased technological progress and industrial land-use efficiency in China’s new normal," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 268(1), pages 425-440, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dongbin Hu & Mei Lin & Yang Chen, 2022. "Can Horizontal Ecological Compensation Improve the Water Environment in Cross-Provincial Watersheds?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    2. Quanxi Wang & Ni Wang & Haodong Wang & Yuan Xiu, 2022. "Study on Influencing Factors and Simulation of Watershed Ecological Compensation Based on Evolutionary Game," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Tianlin Zhai & Jing Wang & Ying Fang & Longyang Huang & Jingjing Liu & Chenchen Zhao, 2021. "Integrating Ecosystem Services Supply, Demand and Flow in Ecological Compensation: A Case Study of Carbon Sequestration Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.

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