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Study of Urban Greenery Models to Prevent Overheating of Parked Vehicles in P + R Facilities in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Author

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  • Alenka Fikfak

    (Faculty of Architecture, University of Ljubljana, Zoisova Street 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Kristijan Lavtižar

    (Faculty of Architecture, University of Ljubljana, Zoisova Street 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Janez Peter Grom

    (Faculty of Architecture, University of Ljubljana, Zoisova Street 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Saja Kosanović

    (Department for Architecture, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kneza Miloša Street 7, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia)

  • Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik

    (Faculty of Architecture, University of Ljubljana, Zoisova Street 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

Abstract

Parking in park-and-ride (P + R) facilities on the outskirts of a city reduces the traffic inside the cities and follows the principles of sustainable mobility. However, large paved (asphalt) surfaces create urban heat islands (UHI). This causes the temperature to rise in vehicles during full-day parking, which has a negative effect on comfort level and driving performance. This study was conceptualized as two-stage research. The first (preliminary) stage dealt with the measurement and analysis of temperature data at two nearby open parking lots in the city of Ljubljana, one of which was the main research spatial area, P + R Barje (L1), and Trnovo parking (L2), which was used for comparison in the first-stage research. In the preliminary research, we underlined the problem of long-term parking in parking areas exposed to heatwaves (HW). The second stage involved the studying of greening schemes in P + R facilities, which would allow for optimal shading during parking. Advanced 3D and 4D models using ENVI-met and LEONARDO software were developed, which assessed the parking surfaces and the areas of optimum outdoor comfort. Shading by greenery was adopted in this paper, as the strategy aimed at improving the conditions by modelling different variants of greening the parking lot L1.

Suggested Citation

  • Alenka Fikfak & Kristijan Lavtižar & Janez Peter Grom & Saja Kosanović & Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik, 2020. "Study of Urban Greenery Models to Prevent Overheating of Parked Vehicles in P + R Facilities in Ljubljana, Slovenia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:12:p:5160-:d:375786
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Majid Amani-Beni & Biao Zhang & Gao-Di Xie & Yunting Shi, 2019. "Impacts of Urban Green Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature: Evidence from the Adjacent Area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Sadroddin Alavipanah & Martin Wegmann & Salman Qureshi & Qihao Weng & Thomas Koellner, 2015. "The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Urban Land Surface Temperatures: A Case Study of Munich, Germany during the Warm Season," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Chudong Huang & Xinyue Ye, 2015. "Spatial Modeling of Urban Vegetation and Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-27, July.
    4. Alenka Fikfak & Saja Kosanović & Miha Konjar & Janez P. Grom & Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik, 2017. "The Impact of Morphological Features on Summer Temperature Variations on the Example of Two Residential Neighborhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gabriele Battista & Luca Evangelisti & Claudia Guattari & Emanuele De Lieto Vollaro & Roberto De Lieto Vollaro & Francesco Asdrubali, 2020. "Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies: Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a University Campus in Rome (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-18, September.

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