IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i12p4944-d372784.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Efficiency: Indicator, Estimation, and a New Idea

Author

Listed:
  • Ku-Hsieh Chen

    (Department of Applied Economics and Management, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan County 260, Taiwan)

  • Jen-Chi Cheng

    (Department of Economics, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA)

  • Joe-Ming Lee

    (Department of Applied Economics, Fo-Guang University, Jiaoxi Township, Yilan County 262, Taiwan)

  • Liou-Yuan Li

    (Department of International Business Administration, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand)

  • Sheng-Yu Peng

    (Investment Office of Yilan Science Park, Hsinchu Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology Hsinchu City, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan)

Abstract

Energy efficiency has long been an important issue to the global economic and political theaters; however, searching for an effective and concise measure for efficiency remains a contentious and intriguing topic. There are two obvious flaws with the commonly used metrics in existing literature. First, there is a sense of confusion and misunderstanding between the definitions of energy efficiency and efficacy. As a result, the formulae and methods for measuring efficiency are often the subject of criticism. Second, even if the definition of efficiency is clear, the method of estimation can be quite cumbersome, making it difficult to comprehend or implement. This study attempts to address these two issues. With an OECD comparative dataset, it first presents the contradiction between efficiency and efficacy, explains the loss of effectiveness with the existing measurements, and then proposes a new and easy-to-use method for gauging energy efficiency, so that the succinctness and robustness of the measurement can be re-established. The paper serves as a guide to those who are interested in the controversial issues related to measuring energy efficiency. Both practitioners and policy makers will find an easy and reliable tool from this paper for measuring energy efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Ku-Hsieh Chen & Jen-Chi Cheng & Joe-Ming Lee & Liou-Yuan Li & Sheng-Yu Peng, 2020. "Energy Efficiency: Indicator, Estimation, and a New Idea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-19, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:12:p:4944-:d:372784
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/12/4944/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/12/4944/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Ming-Jia & Tao, Wen-Quan, 2017. "Review of methodologies and polices for evaluation of energy efficiency in high energy-consuming industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 203-215.
    2. Miketa, Asami & Mulder, Peter, 2005. "Energy productivity across developed and developing countries in 10 manufacturing sectors: Patterns of growth and convergence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 429-453, May.
    3. Atakhanova, Zauresh & Howie, Peter, 2007. "Electricity demand in Kazakhstan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 3729-3743, July.
    4. Hu, Jin-Li & Wang, Shih-Chuan, 2006. "Total-factor energy efficiency of regions in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(17), pages 3206-3217, November.
    5. Cai, Wei & Liu, Fei & Dinolov, Ognyan & Xie, Jun & Liu, Peiji & Tuo, Junbo, 2018. "Energy benchmarking rules in machining systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 258-263.
    6. Abu Bakar, Nur Najihah & Hassan, Mohammad Yusri & Abdullah, Hayati & Rahman, Hasimah Abdul & Abdullah, Md Pauzi & Hussin, Faridah & Bandi, Masilah, 2015. "Energy efficiency index as an indicator for measuring building energy performance: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 1-11.
    7. Hu, Jin-Li & Kao, Chih-Hung, 2007. "Efficient energy-saving targets for APEC economies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 373-382, January.
    8. Bi, Gong-Bing & Song, Wen & Zhou, P. & Liang, Liang, 2014. "Does environmental regulation affect energy efficiency in China's thermal power generation? Empirical evidence from a slacks-based DEA model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 537-546.
    9. Farla, Jacco C.M & Blok, Kornelis, 2000. "The use of physical indicators for the monitoring of energy intensity developments in the Netherlands, 1980–1995," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(7), pages 609-638.
    10. Li, Ke & Lin, Boqiang, 2015. "Metafroniter energy efficiency with CO2 emissions and its convergence analysis for China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 230-241.
    11. Augustus de Melo, Conrado & de Martino Jannuzzi, Gilberto, 2010. "Energy efficiency standards for refrigerators in Brazil: A methodology for impact evaluation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 6545-6550, November.
    12. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    13. Patterson, Murray G, 1996. "What is energy efficiency? : Concepts, indicators and methodological issues," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 377-390, May.
    14. Zhou, P. & Ang, B.W. & Zhou, D.Q., 2012. "Measuring economy-wide energy efficiency performance: A parametric frontier approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 196-200.
    15. Meeusen, Wim & van den Broeck, Julien, 1977. "Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Production Functions with Composed Error," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 18(2), pages 435-444, June.
    16. Aigner, Dennis & Lovell, C. A. Knox & Schmidt, Peter, 1977. "Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 21-37, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Truong Huy Hoang & Duong Trung Kien & Nguyen Dat Minh, 2021. "Development of Energy Efficiency Action Plan at Provincial Level of Vietnam," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(6), pages 60-67.
    2. Le Thanh Tiep & Ngo Quang Huan & Tran Thi Thuy Hong, 2021. "Energy Efficiency: Determinants and Roles on Sustainable Development in Emerging Country," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 7-22.
    3. Daniela Cristina Momete, 2023. "Salient Insights on the Performance of EU Member States on the Road towards an Energy-Efficient Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Nguyen Dat Minh & Duong Trung Kien, 2021. "Assessment of the Impact of Managing Large Energy-Using Users on National Energy Efficiency of Vietnam," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(5), pages 519-530.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Honma, Satoshi & Hu, Jin-Li, 2014. "A panel data parametric frontier technique for measuring total-factor energy efficiency: An application to Japanese regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 732-739.
    2. Ouyang, Xiaoling & Chen, Jiaqi & Du, Kerui, 2021. "Energy efficiency performance of the industrial sector: From the perspective of technological gap in different regions in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    3. Liu, Fengqin & Sim, Jae-yeon & Sun, Huaping & Edziah, Bless Kofi & Adom, Philip Kofi & Song, Shunfeng, 2023. "Assessing the role of economic globalization on energy efficiency: Evidence from a global perspective," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    4. Honma, Satoshi & Ushifusa, Yoshiaki & Okamura, Soyoka & Vandercamme, Lilu, 2023. "Measuring carbon emissions performance of Japan's metal industry: Energy inputs, agglomeration, and the potential for green recovery reduction," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Georgia Makridou, Kostas Andriosopoulos, Michael Doumpos, and Constantin Zopounidis, 2015. "A Two-stage approach for energy efficiency analysis in European Union countries," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2).
    6. Bian, Yiwen & Hu, Miao & Wang, Yousen & Xu, Hao, 2016. "Energy efficiency analysis of the economic system in China during 1986–2012: A parallel slacks-based measure approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 990-998.
    7. Li, Nan & Jiang, Yuqing & Mu, Hailin & Yu, Zhixin, 2018. "Efficiency evaluation and improvement potential for the Chinese agricultural sector at the provincial level based on data envelopment analysis (DEA)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1145-1160.
    8. Fei, Rilong & Lin, Boqiang, 2016. "Energy efficiency and production technology heterogeneity in China's agricultural sector: A meta-frontier approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 25-34.
    9. Meng, Fanyi & Su, Bin & Thomson, Elspeth & Zhou, Dequn & Zhou, P., 2016. "Measuring China’s regional energy and carbon emission efficiency with DEA models: A survey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1-21.
    10. Kounetas, Konstantinos & Stergiou, Eirini, 2019. "Technology heterogeneity in European industries' energy efficiency performance. The role of climate, greenhouse gases, path dependence and energy mix," MPRA Paper 92314, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki & Yuan, Yan & Goto, Mika, 2017. "A literature study for DEA applied to energy and environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 104-124.
    12. Tao Xu & Jianxin You & Hui Li & Luning Shao, 2020. "Energy Efficiency Evaluation Based on Data Envelopment Analysis: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-20, July.
    13. Amjadi, Golnaz & Lundgren, Tommy, 2022. "Is industrial energy inefficiency transient or persistent? Evidence from Swedish manufacturing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    14. Honma, Satoshi & Hu, Jin-Li, 2014. "Industry-level total-factor energy efficiency in developed countries: A Japan-centered analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 67-78.
    15. Zhang, H. & Fan, L.W. & Zhou, P., 2020. "Handling heterogeneity in frontier modeling of city-level energy efficiency: The case of China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    16. Amjadi, Golnaz, 2020. "Essays on Energy Efficiency, Environmental Regulation and Labor Demand in Swedish Industry," Umeå Economic Studies 982, Umeå University, Department of Economics.
    17. Lampe, Hannes W. & Hilgers, Dennis, 2015. "Trajectories of efficiency measurement: A bibliometric analysis of DEA and SFA," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 240(1), pages 1-21.
    18. Mardani, Abbas & Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras & Streimikiene, Dalia & Jusoh, Ahmad & Khoshnoudi, Masoumeh, 2017. "A comprehensive review of data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in energy efficiency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1298-1322.
    19. Bhat, Javed Ahmad & Haider, Salman & Kamaiah, Bandi, 2018. "Interstate energy efficiency of Indian paper industry: A slack-based non-parametric approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 284-298.
    20. Xueqin Lin & Dai Wang & Yuefang Si, 2015. "Spatially Differentiated Features of Coal Resource Utilisation Efficiency in China," Energy & Environment, , vol. 26(6-7), pages 1129-1145, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:12:p:4944-:d:372784. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.