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Spatial-Temporal Differences and Influencing Factors of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations Based on the Super-EBM Model

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  • Yiyang Sun

    (School of Geographic Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Guolin Hou

    (School of Geographic Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Zhenfang Huang

    (School of Geographic Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Yi Zhong

    (School of Geographic Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China)

Abstract

On the background of climate change, studying tourism eco-efficiency of cities is of great significance to promote the green development of tourism. Based on the panel data of the three major urban agglomerations in China’s Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region from 2008 to 2017, this paper constructed an evaluation index system and measured the tourism eco-efficiency of 63 cities by using a hybrid distance model called Super-EBM (epsilon-based measure). We compared the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of tourism eco-efficiency in the three urban agglomerations. Furthermore, the internal factors influencing tourism eco-efficiency were explored through input–output redundancy, and the external factors were analyzed by a panel regression model. The results indicate that the tourism eco-efficiency of the three urban agglomerations in China generally shows a decreasing-rising-declining trend. Among them, the Yangtze River Delta has the highest eco-efficiency, followed by the Pearl River Delta, and the lowest in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Moreover, there is a certain gap within each urban agglomeration. The redundancy input of labor and capital is the main internal cause of low eco-efficiency. Among the external factors, the status of the tourism industry and the level of urbanization have a positive effect on eco-efficiency, while the level of tourism development, technological innovation and investment have a negative impact on it. In the future, we must attach great importance to the development quality and overall benefit value of the tourism industry so as to achieve green and balanced development of the three major urban agglomerations in eastern China. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward targeted policy implications to improve the tourism eco-efficiency of cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Yiyang Sun & Guolin Hou & Zhenfang Huang & Yi Zhong, 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Differences and Influencing Factors of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations Based on the Super-EBM Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:10:p:4156-:d:360201
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Chaogao An & Polat Muhtar & Zhenquan Xiao, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Evolution of Tourism Eco-Efficiency in Major Tourist Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Wei Zhang & Ying Zhan & Ruiyang Yin & Xunbo Yuan, 2022. "The Tourism Eco-Efficiency Measurement and Its Influencing Factors in the Yellow River Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Danyu Liu & Ke Zhang, 2022. "Analysis of Spatial Differences and the Influencing Factors in Eco-Efficiency of Urban Agglomerations in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-21, October.
    5. Yang Li & An-Chi Liu & Yi-Ying Yu & Yueru Zhang & Yiting Zhan & Wen-Cheng Lin, 2022. "Bootstrapped DEA and Clustering Analysis of Eco-Efficiency in China’s Hotel Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, March.
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    8. Rui Wang & Bing Xia & Suocheng Dong & Yu Li & Zehong Li & Duoxun Ba & Wenbiao Zhang, 2020. "Research on the Spatial Differentiation and Driving Forces of Eco-Efficiency of Regional Tourism in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, December.
    9. Xiyao Zhang & Xiaolei Wang & Jia Liu, 2023. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Influential Factors of Eco-Efficiency in Chinese Urban Agglomerations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-29, August.
    10. Ying Zhang & Yunyan Li, 2023. "Regional Differences in Tourism Eco-Efficiency in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region: Based on Data from 13 Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    11. Qingfang Liu & Jinping Song & Teqi Dai & Jianhui Xu & Jianmei Li & Enru Wang, 2022. "Spatial Network Structure of China’s Provincial-Scale Tourism Eco-Efficiency: A Social Network Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.

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