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A Normal Cloud Model-Based Method for Water Quality Assessment of Springs and Its Application in Jinan

Author

Listed:
  • Xintong Wang

    (Geotechnical & Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Weimin Yang

    (Geotechnical & Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
    School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Zhenhao Xu

    (Geotechnical & Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
    School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
    SinoProbe Center - China Deep Exploration Center, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China)

  • Jie Hu

    (Geotechnical & Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Yiguo Xue

    (Geotechnical & Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Peng Lin

    (Geotechnical & Structural Engineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

Abstract

Springs are a source of drinking water and a famous tourist attraction in Jinan, China. In this paper, a multi-index evaluation method was proposed based on a normal cloud model. This model is new graphic model, which could synthetically picture the randomness and fuzziness of concepts. Ten parameters were selected, and water quality was classified into five levels. Three numerical characteristics were calculated, and the weights were assigned by an integrated weighting algorithm. The uncertainty of each spring was calculated by a cloud generator and the integrated certainty grades of water quality were determined. To ensure the accuracy of the normal cloud model, the proposed method was used to assess the water quality of springs in Jinan, China. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with that of the other four methods. The results obtained by different methods are highly consistent. The proposed cloud model-based method can reflect the water quality level and provides a practical guide for water quality evaluation, as demonstrated in Jinan springs.

Suggested Citation

  • Xintong Wang & Weimin Yang & Zhenhao Xu & Jie Hu & Yiguo Xue & Peng Lin, 2019. "A Normal Cloud Model-Based Method for Water Quality Assessment of Springs and Its Application in Jinan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:8:p:2248-:d:222745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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