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A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP)

Author

Listed:
  • Vassiliki Vlami

    (Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece)

  • Stamatis Zogaris

    (Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos, Greece)

  • Hakan Djuma

    (Cyprus Institute, Energy-Environment and Water Research Center, Nikosia 1645, Cyprus)

  • Ioannis P. Kokkoris

    (Department of Biology, Laboratory of Botany, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece)

  • George Kehayias

    (Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece)

  • Panayotis Dimopoulos

    (Department of Biology, Laboratory of Botany, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece)

Abstract

We introduce a field survey method to assess the conservation condition of landscapes. Using a popular rapid assessment format, this study defines observable “stressed states” identified through the use of general metrics to gauge landscape degradation. Fifteen metrics within six thematic categories were selected through a literature review and extensive field trials. Field tests on the Greek island of Samothraki show a strong correlation between a single expert’s scores and five assessor’s scores at 35 landscape sites. Only three of the metrics did not maintain a high consistency among assessors; however, this is explained by the difficulty of interpreting certain anthropogenic stressors (such as livestock grazing) in Mediterranean semi-natural landscapes with culturally-modified vegetation patterns. The protocol and proposed index, with five conservation condition classes, identified areas of excellent and good quality, and reliably distinguished the most degraded landscape conditions on the island. Uncertainties and difficulties of the index are investigated, and further research and validation are proposed. The protocol effectively goes beyond a traditional visual aesthetic assessment; it can be used both by experts and non-scientists as a conservation-relevant multi-disciplinary procedure to support a holistic landscape diagnosis. The combination of an on-site experiential survey and its simple integrative format may be useful as a screening-level index, and for promoting local participation, landscape literacy and educational initiatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Vassiliki Vlami & Stamatis Zogaris & Hakan Djuma & Ioannis P. Kokkoris & George Kehayias & Panayotis Dimopoulos, 2019. "A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:2019-:d:220098
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Xiangjian Rui & Lei Nie & Yan Xu & Hong Wang, 2019. "Land Degeneration due to Water Infiltration and Sub-Erosion: A Case Study of Soil Slope Failure at the National Geological Park of Qian-an Mud Forest, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Vassiliki Vlami & Carlos Morera Beita & Stamatis Zogaris, 2022. "Landscape Conservation Assessment in the Latin American Tropics: Application and Insights from Costa Rica," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-28, April.
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    5. Tinka Delakorda Kawashima, 2021. "The Authenticity of the Hidden Christians’ Villages in Nagasaki: Issues in Evaluation of Cultural Landscapes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-22, April.
    6. Vassiliki Vlami & Jan Danek & Stamatis Zogaris & Eirini Gallou & Ioannis P. Kokkoris & George Kehayias & Panayotis Dimopoulos, 2020. "Residents’ Views on Landscape and Ecosystem Services during a Wind Farm Proposal in an Island Protected Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Sandra Mayordomo-Maya & Jorge Hermosilla-Pla, 2022. "Evaluation of Landscape Quality in Valencia’s Agricultural Gardens—A Method Adapted to Multifunctional, Territorialized Agrifood Systems (MTAS)," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-31, March.
    8. Vassiliki Vlami & Ioannis P. Kokkoris & Stamatis Zogaris & George Kehayias & Panayotis Dimopoulos, 2020. "Cultural Ecosystem Services in the Natura 2000 Network: Introducing Proxy Indicators and Conflict Risk in Greece," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-27, December.

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