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Status of Waste Management in the East African Cities: Understanding the Drivers of Waste Generation, Collection and Disposal and Their Impacts on Kampala City’s Sustainability

Author

Listed:
  • Shamim Aryampa

    (School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
    School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda)

  • Basant Maheshwari

    (School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)

  • Elly Sabiiti

    (School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda)

  • Najib L Bateganya

    (Kampala Capital City Authority, City Hall, P. O. Box 7010 Kampala, Uganda)

  • Brian Bukenya

    (Kampala Capital City Authority, City Hall, P. O. Box 7010 Kampala, Uganda)

Abstract

The factors that influence waste generation and management vary with country but there is a gap in the availability of waste data in Africa limiting the assessment of these factors for sustainability. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the drivers of waste generation, collection and disposal, and their impact on sustainability of Kampala as compared to the East African Community (EAC). Waste generation in Kampala was calculated using recorded waste collection efficiencies while data for Nairobi and Dar es Salaam was obtained from existing literature. Waste quantities for disposal were recorded daily at Kiteezi landfill from 2011 to 2017. Results showed that the major drivers of waste generation, collection and disposal in the EAC are population growth, vehicle capacity and the need for disposal respectively. Waste generation rate in Kampala increased from 0.26 to 0.47 kg/capita/day and the annual waste quantity increased significantly ( p < 0.5) by 48% from 227,916 to 481,081 tons corresponding to a 54% population increase. Waste collection efficiency increased from 30% to 64% and hence waste for disposal increased significantly ( p < 0.5), with a mean of 15,823 tons/month; but varied significantly ( p < 0.5) with the city division. The most (5120 tons) and least (3472 tons) waste per month was collected from the Central and Nakawa divisions respectively. Additionally, Kampala Capital City Authority collected significantly more waste than private collectors for all study years. Waste is disposed of at the Kiteezi landfill despite exhausted capacity. Future projections showed that by 2030, annual waste would increase by approximately 60% for Kampala and Nairobi and by 74% for Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam generated the highest amount of waste, five times more than Kampala. More investment needs to be made towards the reduction of waste disposal and strategies developed for the reuse and recycling of waste.

Suggested Citation

  • Shamim Aryampa & Basant Maheshwari & Elly Sabiiti & Najib L Bateganya & Brian Bukenya, 2019. "Status of Waste Management in the East African Cities: Understanding the Drivers of Waste Generation, Collection and Disposal and Their Impacts on Kampala City’s Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:19:p:5523-:d:273886
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Aryampa, Shamim & Maheshwari, Basant & Sabiiti, Elly N. & Bateganya, Najib L. & Olobo, Christopher, 2022. "Understanding the impacts of waste disposal site closure on the livelihood of local communities in africa: A case study of the kiteezi landfill in Kampala, Uganda," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    2. Madugu A. J & Kayam A & Joel L. K & Tiddy S. A, 2024. "Effect of Dissemination of Agricultural Information through Radio on Crop Output," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(3s), pages 2273-2286, March.
    3. Feriel Kheira Kebaili & Amel Baziz-Berkani & Hani Amir Aouissi & Florin-Constantin Mihai & Moustafa Houda & Mostefa Ababsa & Marc Azab & Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor & Christine Fürst, 2022. "Characterization and Planning of Household Waste Management: A Case Study from the MENA Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Vilma Geni Slomski & Ivan Carlos Silva Lima & Valmor Slomski & Tiago Slavov, 2020. "Pathways to Urban Sustainability: An Investigation of the Economic Potential of Untreated Household Solid Waste (HSW) in the City of São Paulo," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-19, June.

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