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Potential Ecological Risk and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloid in Soil around Xunyang Mining Areas

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  • Na Wang

    (Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xi’an 710075, China)

  • Jichang Han

    (Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xi’an 710075, China)

  • Yang Wei

    (Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xi’an 710075, China)

  • Gang Li

    (Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xi’an 710075, China)

  • Yingying Sun

    (Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China
    Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xi’an 710075, China)

Abstract

Xunyang is rich in various metal minerals and is one of the four major metal mining areas in Shaanxi province, China. To explore the effects of soil heavy metals and metalloid pollution on the environment and human health around the mining areas, four places—Donghecun (D), Gongguan (G), Qingtonggou (Q) and Nanshagou (N)—were selected as the sampling sites. Potential ecological risk (PER) and health risk assessment (HRA) models were used to analyze the environmental and health risks around the mining areas. The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Hg) and metalloid (As) in cultivated land in the vicinity of Xunyang mining areas indicated that, except for Cu, the remaining elements detected exceeded the threshold values at some sites. The geo-accumulation index ( I Geo ) revealed that soils in G and Q could be identified as being extremely contaminated. PER indicated that there was significantly high risk at G and Q for Hg. In N, Pb recorded the highest E r i , which also demonstrates a considerable pre-existing risk. HRA indicated that the hazard index (HI) for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks was much higher among children than among adults, and the ingestion pathway contributed the greatest risk to human health, followed by the dermal pathway and inhalation. Because the HI values of the metals and metalloid in the study areas were all lower than 1, there was no significant non-carcinogenic risk. However, the carcinogenic risk for Cr is relatively higher, surpassing the tolerable values in G, Q, and N. This study analyzed the ecological risks and human health risks of heavy metals and metalloid in farmland soils near the sampling mining areas, and demonstrated the importance of environmental changes caused by land development in the mining industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Na Wang & Jichang Han & Yang Wei & Gang Li & Yingying Sun, 2019. "Potential Ecological Risk and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloid in Soil around Xunyang Mining Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:18:p:4828-:d:263972
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li Zhao & Yue-Ming Hu & Wu Zhou & Zhen-Hua Liu & Yu-Chun Pan & Zhou Shi & Lu Wang & Guang-Xing Wang, 2018. "Estimation Methods for Soil Mercury Content Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-14, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li Tan & Bin Yang & Zhibin Xue & Zhanqi Wang, 2021. "Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination Risk in Soil and Water in the Core Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-24, September.
    2. Petru Cârdei & Cătălina Tudora & Valentin Vlăduț & Mirabela Augustina Pruteanu & Iuliana Găgeanu & Dan Cujbescu & Despina-Maria Bordean & Nicoleta Ungureanu & George Ipate & Oana Diana Cristea, 2021. "Mathematical Model to Simulate the Transfer of Heavy Metals from Soil to Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Danica Fazekašová & František Petrovič & Juraj Fazekaš & Lenka Štofejová & Ivan Baláž & Filip Tulis & Tomáš Tóth, 2021. "Soil Contamination in the Problem Areas of Agrarian Slovakia," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Qing Xia & Jiquan Zhang & Yanan Chen & Qing Ma & Jingyao Peng & Guangzhi Rong & Zhijun Tong & Xingpeng Liu, 2020. "Pollution, Sources and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Different Land Use Types under the Background of Industrial Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, March.
    5. Ling Yi & Bai Gao & Haiyan Liu & Yanhong Zhang & Chaochao Du & Yanmei Li, 2020. "Characteristics and Assessment of Toxic Metal Contamination in Surface Water and Sediments Near a Uranium Mining Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.

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