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State of the Art of Automated Buses

Author

Listed:
  • Jaagup Ainsalu

    (Tallinn Transport Department, Tallinn City Government, EE-10146 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Ville Arffman

    (Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Mauro Bellone

    (Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41258 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Maximilian Ellner

    (IKEM Institute for Climate Protection, Energy and Mobility, DE10179 Berlin, Germany)

  • Taina Haapamäki

    (FLOU Solutions Ltd, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Noora Haavisto

    (Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Ebba Josefson

    (Front Advokater, SE-41117 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Azat Ismailogullari

    (Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Bob Lee

    (Front Advokater, SE-41117 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Olav Madland

    (Applied Autonomy Ltd, NO-3616 Kongsberg, Norway)

  • Raitis Madžulis

    (Zemgale Planning Region, LV-3001 Jelgavā, Latvia)

  • Jaanus Müür

    (Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Sami Mäkinen

    (FLOU Solutions Ltd, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Ville Nousiainen

    (Forum Virium Helsinki, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Eetu Pilli-Sihvola

    (Finnish Transport Safety Agency (Trafi), FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Eetu Rutanen

    (Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Sami Sahala

    (Forum Virium Helsinki, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Boris Schønfeldt

    (The Municipality of Vejle, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark)

  • Piotr Marek Smolnicki

    (Department of Urban Design and Regional Planning, Gdańsk University of Technology, PL-80233 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Ralf-Martin Soe

    (Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia)

  • Juha Sääski

    (Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Magdalena Szymańska

    (The City of Gdańsk, PL-80-803 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Ingar Vaskinn

    (The Municipality of Kongsberg, NO-3602 Kongsberg, Norway)

  • Milla Åman

    (Department of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, FI-00079 Helsinki, Finland)

Abstract

Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide toward electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in public transportation. Working in this direction, this work provides a review of the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in public service. More specifically, this paper covers the state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with a focus on the Baltic Sea Region.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaagup Ainsalu & Ville Arffman & Mauro Bellone & Maximilian Ellner & Taina Haapamäki & Noora Haavisto & Ebba Josefson & Azat Ismailogullari & Bob Lee & Olav Madland & Raitis Madžulis & Jaanus Müür & S, 2018. "State of the Art of Automated Buses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-34, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:9:p:3118-:d:166926
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Fahimeh Golbabaei & Tan Yigitcanlar & Alexander Paz & Jonathan Bunker, 2023. "Perceived Opportunities and Challenges of Autonomous Demand-Responsive Transit Use: What Are the Socio-Demographic Predictors?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-18, August.
    2. Epting, Shane, 2021. "Ethical requirements for transport systems with automated buses," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    3. Hörcher, Daniel & Tirachini, Alejandro, 2021. "A review of public transport economics," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    4. Fabio Antonialli, 2019. "International benchmark on experimentations with Autonomous Shuttles for Collective Transport," Post-Print hal-02489797, HAL.
    5. Hatzenbühler, Jonas & Cats, Oded & Jenelius, Erik, 2020. "Transitioning towards the deployment of line-based autonomous buses: Consequences for service frequency and vehicle capacity," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 491-507.
    6. Calin Iclodean & Nicolae Cordos & Bogdan Ovidiu Varga, 2020. "Autonomous Shuttle Bus for Public Transportation: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-45, June.
    7. Wu, Jiaming & Kulcsár, Balázs & Selpi, & Qu, Xiaobo, 2021. "A modular, adaptive, and autonomous transit system (MAATS): A in-motion transfer strategy and performance evaluation in urban grid transit networks," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 81-98.
    8. Nemoto, Eliane Horschutz & Korbee, Dorien & Jaroudi, Ines & Viere, Tobias & Naderer, Gabriele & Fournier, Guy, 2023. "Integrating automated minibuses into mobility systems – Socio-technical transitions analysis and multi-level perspectives," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    9. Márk Miskolczi & Melinda Jászberényi & Dávid Tóth, 2021. "Technology-Enhanced Airport Services—Attractiveness from the Travelers’ Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    10. Jia Guo & Yusak Susilo & Constantinos Antoniou & Anna Pernestål Brenden, 2020. "Influence of Individual Perceptions on the Decision to Adopt Automated Bus Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-13, August.
    11. Tirachini, Alejandro & Antoniou, Constantinos, 2020. "The economics of automated public transport: Effects on operator cost, travel time, fare and subsidy," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
    12. M. Eugenia López-Lambas & Andrea Alonso, 2019. "The Driverless Bus: An Analysis of Public Perceptions and Acceptability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-15, September.
    13. Fabio Antonialli & Sylvie Mira-Bonnardel & Julie Bulteau, 2021. "Economic Assessment of Services with Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles: EASI-AV," Post-Print hal-04369852, HAL.
    14. Faber, Koen & van Lierop, Dea, 2020. "How will older adults use automated vehicles? Assessing the role of AVs in overcoming perceived mobility barriers," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 353-363.
    15. Sönke Beckmann & Sebastian Trojahn & Hartmut Zadek, 2023. "Process Model for the Introduction of Automated Buses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-36, September.

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