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Energy and Exergy Analyses of Different Aluminum Reduction Technologies

Author

Listed:
  • Mazin Obaidat

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, The Hashemite University, Az-Zarqa 13133, Jordan)

  • Ahmed Al-Ghandoor

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, The Hashemite University, Az-Zarqa 13133, Jordan)

  • Patrick Phelan

    (Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA)

  • Rene Villalobos

    (Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA)

  • Ammar Alkhalidi

    (Energy Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan)

Abstract

This paper examines and compares different aluminum reduction technologies found in the literature as alternatives to the current Hall–Heroult technology. The main inefficiencies in the current Hall–Heroult technology were identified and the advantages of the different proposed technologies over the Hall–Heroult technology were determined. The comparison between the different technologies, namely Hall–Heroult, wetted drained cathode, inert anode, and carbothermic, was based on energy and material requirements, and environmental impact. In order to combine all of the evaluation criteria into one numerical value, the exergy concept was utilized as a decision tool. The results emphasize that in order to analyze any conversion system, the exergy of energy, material, environmental impact, and their associated chain production should be taken into consideration.

Suggested Citation

  • Mazin Obaidat & Ahmed Al-Ghandoor & Patrick Phelan & Rene Villalobos & Ammar Alkhalidi, 2018. "Energy and Exergy Analyses of Different Aluminum Reduction Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:1216-:d:141479
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wall, Göran, 1988. "Exergy flows in industrial processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 197-208.
    2. Sciubba, Enrico, 2003. "Extended exergy accounting applied to energy recovery from waste: The concept of total recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(13), pages 1315-1334.
    3. Ostrovski, Oleg & Zhang, Guangqing, 2005. "Energy and exergy analyses of direct ironsmelting processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(15), pages 2772-2783.
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    1. Vaishnavi Vijay Rajulwar & Tetiana Shyrokykh & Robert Stirling & Tova Jarnerud & Yuri Korobeinikov & Sudip Bose & Basudev Bhattacharya & Debashish Bhattacharjee & Seetharaman Sridhar, 2023. "Steel, Aluminum, and FRP-Composites: The Race to Zero Carbon Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Justus Poschmann & Vanessa Bach & Matthias Finkbeiner, 2023. "Decarbonization Potentials for Automotive Supply Chains: Emission-Intensity Pathways of Carbon-Intensive Hotspots of Battery Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-20, July.
    3. Sgouridis, Sgouris & Ali, Mohamed & Sleptchenko, Andrei & Bouabid, Ali & Ospina, Gustavo, 2021. "Aluminum smelters in the energy transition: Optimal configuration and operation for renewable energy integration in high insolation regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 937-953.

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