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Integrated Economic and Financial Analysis of China’s Sponge City Program for Water-resilient Urban Development

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  • Xiao Liang

    (College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China)

Abstract

To improve Chinese cities’ resilience to climate change, the Sponge City Program, which was designed to tackle water pollution, storm water management, and flooding, was initiated in 2014. Being a major policy initiative, the Sponge City Program raises heated discussions among Chinese academics; however, no relevant extensive economic or financial analysis has been conducted. The research carries out an integrated economic and financial analysis on the Sponge City Program from the perspectives of two stakeholders: the government and the project manager. Different stakeholders have unique perspectives on the management of water projects. This study has two parts: economic analysis and financial analysis. The economic analysis is from the government perspective, and considers all the economic, environmental, and social effects. The financial analysis is from the project manager’s perspective, and judges the financial feasibility of projects. Changde city, one of the demo cities of Sponge City Program, is chosen for the research. The results show that from the perspective of the government, the Sponge City Program should be promoted, because most water projects are economically feasible. From the perspective of the project manager, the program should not be invested in, because the water projects are financially infeasible. A more comprehensive and integrated plan for developing and managing the water projects of the Sponge City Program is required. Otherwise, the private sector may not be interested in investing in the water projects, and the water projects may not be operational in the long term.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiao Liang, 2018. "Integrated Economic and Financial Analysis of China’s Sponge City Program for Water-resilient Urban Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:669-:d:134238
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yong Jiang & Chris Zevenbergen & Dafang Fu, 2017. "Understanding the challenges for the governance of China’s “sponge cities” initiative to sustainably manage urban stormwater and flooding," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 89(1), pages 521-529, October.
    2. Xiao Liang & Meine Pieter Van Dijk, 2016. "Evaluating the Interests of Different Stakeholders in Beijing Wastewater Reuse Systems for Sustainable Urban Water Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Yan-Fang Sang & Moyuan Yang, 2017. "Urban waterlogs control in China: more effective strategies and actions are needed," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 85(2), pages 1291-1294, January.
    4. Rawski, Thomas G., 1979. "Economic growth and employment in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 7(8-9), pages 767-782.
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    Cited by:

    1. Meine Pieter van Dijk & Mingshun Zhang, 2019. "RETRACTED: Urban Water Management Paradigms in Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1, May.
    2. Jian Wang & Fei Xue & Ruiying Jing & Qiaohui Lu & Yilong Huang & Xiang Sun & Wenbo Zhu, 2021. "Regenerating Sponge City to Sponge Watershed through an Innovative Framework for Urban Water Resilience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-36, May.
    3. Xiao Liang & Yuqing Liang & Chong Chen & Meine Pieter van Dijk, 2020. "Implementing Water Policies in China: A Policy Cycle Analysis of the Sponge City Program Using Two Case Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Heng Zhang & Qian Chang & Sui Li & Jiandong Huang, 2022. "Determining the Efficiency of the Sponge City Construction Pilots in China Based on the DEA-Malmquist Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Anna Thoms & Stephan Köster, 2022. "Potentials for Sponge City Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    6. Craig Lashford & Matteo Rubinato & Yanpeng Cai & Jingming Hou & Soroush Abolfathi & Stephen Coupe & Susanne Charlesworth & Simon Tait, 2019. "SuDS & Sponge Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Pluvial Flood Management in the UK and China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, January.
    7. Keyu Luo & Zhenyu Wang & Wei Sha & Jiansheng Wu & Hongliang Wang & Qingliang Zhu, 2021. "Integrating Sponge City Concept and Neural Network into Land Suitability Assessment: Evidence from a Satellite Town of Shenzhen Metropolitan Area," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-16, August.

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