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Evolution of Tourism in Natural Destinations and Dynamic Sustainable Thresholds over Time

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  • Hördur V. Haraldsson

    (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm 106 48, Sweden)

  • Rannveig Ólafsdóttir

    (Department of Geography and Tourism Studies, University of Iceland, Reykjavík 101, Iceland)

Abstract

Tourism is a complex industry involving numerous types of activities that can have adverse environmental impacts and, over time, gradually change the way tourists experience tourist destinations and their choice of particular tourist destinations. The overall aim of this study is to examine the impact of tourism destination exploitation upon the perceived attractiveness of a particular destination to different types of visitors using the Purism Scale coupled to the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC). The study uses the system dynamics Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) approach, to analyse feedback loop behaviour and causal loop impacts over time. The results show that the different visitors’ types, as defined by the Purist Scale, affect the attractiveness of the tourist destination in different ways over time. The results further show that different visitors’ types cannot exist at their own optimum level at the same time in a destination. The concept tourism carrying capacity should thus be defined through the maximum site attractiveness,-based upon the optimum size of infrastructure that ensures low visual effect, low crowding effect, and low environmental impact. This enables better understanding of the different evolution phases of the tourist site during its push for infrastructure development.

Suggested Citation

  • Hördur V. Haraldsson & Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, 2018. "Evolution of Tourism in Natural Destinations and Dynamic Sustainable Thresholds over Time," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:12:p:4788-:d:190785
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michaël Virgil Bishop & Rannveig Ólafsdóttir & Þorvarður Árnason, 2022. "Tourism, Recreation and Wilderness: Public Perceptions of Conservation and Access in the Central Highland of Iceland," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Johannes Welling & Þorvarður Árnason & Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, 2020. "Implications of Climate Change on Nature-Based Tourism Demand: A Segmentation Analysis of Glacier Site Visitors in Southeast Iceland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir & Margrét Wendt & Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, 2022. "Tourism Industry Attitudes towards National Parks and Wilderness: A Case Study from the Icelandic Central Highlands," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Hans Klein-Hewett, 2021. "Design as an Indicator of Tourist Destination Change: The Concept Renewal Cycle at Watkins Glen State Park," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-24, April.
    5. César Daniel Aguilar-Becerra & Oscar Frausto-Martínez & Hernando Avilés-Pineda & Jair J. Pineda-Pineda & Jennifer Caroline Soares & Maximino Reyes Umaña, 2019. "Path Dependence and Social Network Analysis on Evolutionary Dynamics of Tourism in Coastal Rural Communities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-23, September.
    6. Rannveig Ólafsdóttir & Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, 2020. "Public Perception of Wilderness in Iceland," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-20, March.
    7. Tianjian Yang & Ye Li & Simin Zhou & Yu Zhang, 2019. "Dynamic Feedback Analysis of Influencing Factors and Challenges of Dockless Bike-Sharing Sustainability in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-17, August.
    8. Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, 2020. "The Role of Public Participation for Determining Sustainability Indicators for Arctic Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    9. Onur Selcuk & Hatice Karakas & Beykan Cizel & Emre Ipekci Cetin, 2023. "How does tourism affect protected areas?: A multi-criteria decision making application in UNESCO natural heritage sites," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(2), pages 1923-1944, June.
    10. Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig & Sæþórsdóttir, Anna Dóra, 2019. "Wind farms in the Icelandic highlands: Attitudes of local residents and tourism service providers," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

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