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Production-Integrated Compensation in Environmental Offsets—A Review of a German Offset Practice

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  • Catharina Druckenbrod

    (Faculty of Law and Economics & Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17487, Germany)

  • Volker Beckmann

    (Faculty of Law and Economics & Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17487, Germany)

Abstract

Environmental offset schemes designed to compensate for adverse development impacts are found in countries worldwide, pursuing no-net-loss policy. In Germany, a practice combining environmental improvements with farming evolved in the early 2000s, known as production-integrated compensation (PIC) (Produktionsintegrierte Kompensation). This paper provides a review of PIC, presenting origins, legal and cost aspects, as well as examples of PIC practice. PIC key challenges are the complexity of environmental improvements of agrarian habitats and the high efforts for communication among diverse actors and for designing and monitoring PIC. Benefits for nature conservation lie in the protection of strongly endangered species and an increase of acceptance of compensation measures. Positive effects for farmers are the sustaining of arable farmland and involvement in setting up land management terms. Investors profit from the increased availability of sites. However, a specific legal framework for PIC is still developing and representation of PIC in offset registries in the German States is only very small. In conclusion, targeted design, continuous monitoring, and long-term financing provided, PIC may (a) increase offset efficiency by focusing on implementation while avoiding land purchase and physical investments and (b) increase offset effectiveness by high conservation benefits and a collaborative approach towards farmers.

Suggested Citation

  • Catharina Druckenbrod & Volker Beckmann, 2018. "Production-Integrated Compensation in Environmental Offsets—A Review of a German Offset Practice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:4161-:d:182260
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    2. Sponagel, Christian & Back, Hans & Angenendt, Elisabeth & Bahrs, Enno, 2020. "Entwicklung von Angebotskurven naturschutzrechtlicher Kompensationsmaßnahmen auf landwirtschaftlichen Nutzflächen am Beispiel der Region Stuttgart," 60th Annual Conference, Halle/ Saale, Germany, September 23-25, 2020 305578, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    3. Sponagel, Christian & Bendel, Daniela & Angenendt, Elisabeth & Weber, Tobias Karl David & Gayler, Sebastian & Streck, Thilo & Bahrs, Enno, 2022. "Integrated assessment of regional approaches for biodiversity offsetting in urban-rural areas – A future based case study from Germany using arable land as an example," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    4. Sponagel, Christian & Back, Hans & Angenendt, Elisabeth & Bahrs, Enno, 2020. "Entwicklung von Angebotskurven naturschutzrechtlicher Kompensationsmaßnahmen auf landwirtschaftlichen Nutzflächen am Beispiel der Region Stuttgart," 60th Annual Conference, Halle/ Saale, Germany, September 23-25, 2020 305578, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    5. Christian Sponagel & Andre Raichle & Martin Maier & Susanne Zhuber-Okrog & Ulrike Greifenhagen-Kauffmann & Elisabeth Angenendt & Enno Bahrs, 2021. "Expert-Based Maps as a Regional Planning Tool Supporting Nature Conservation and Production-Integrated Compensation—A German Case Study on Biodiversity Offsets," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, August.
    6. Schulz, Tobias & Eggenberger, Tanja & Olschewski, Roland & Lieberherr, Eva, 2023. "Allowing for compensating lost habitats in the forest: Comparing institutional change in Germany and Switzerland," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    7. Schulz, Tobias & Ohmura, Tamaki & Troxler, David & Lieberherr, Eva, 2024. "Forest clearances, compensatory afforestation and biodiversity offsetting in forests: Balancing flexibility and equivalency in Switzerland," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).

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