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RETRACTED: Modeling Spatial Distribution of Some Contamination within the Lower Reaches of Diyala River Using IDW Interpolation

Author

Listed:
  • Huda M. Madhloom

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Mustansiriayah University, Baghdad 1001, Iraq
    Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Nadhir Al-Ansari

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Jan Laue

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden)

  • Ali Chabuk

    (Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden
    Department of Environment Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon 51002, Iraq)

Abstract

The aim of this research was to simulate the water quality along the lower course of the Diyala River using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. For this purpose, the samples were taken at 24 sites along the study area. The parameters: total dissolved solids (T.D.S), total suspended solids (T.S.S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) were considered. Water samples were collected on a monthly basis for a duration of five years. The adopted analyzing approach was tested by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE) and the correlation coefficient (R) between observed water samples and predicted results. The result showed a percentage error less than 10% and significant correlation at R > 89% for all pollutant indicators. It was concluded that the accuracy of the applied model to simulate the river pollutants can decrease the number of monitoring station to 50%. Additionally, a distribution map for the concentrations’ results indicated that many of the major pollution indicators did not satisfy the river water quality standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Huda M. Madhloom & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Jan Laue & Ali Chabuk, 2017. "RETRACTED: Modeling Spatial Distribution of Some Contamination within the Lower Reaches of Diyala River Using IDW Interpolation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2017:i:1:p:22-:d:124041
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ali Chabuk & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Hussain Musa Hussain & Sven Knutsson & Roland Pusch & Jan Laue, 2017. "Combining GIS Applications and Method of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (AHP) for Landfill Siting in Al-Hashimiyah Qadhaa, Babylon, Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Huixuan Li & Yingru Li & Ming-Kuo Lee & Zhongwei Liu & Changhong Miao, 2015. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Heavy Metal Water Pollution in Transitional China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-21, July.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Peng Su & Degen Lin & Chen Qian, 2018. "Study on Air Pollution and Control Investment from the Perspective of the Environmental Theory Model: A Case Study in China, 2005–2014," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-16, June.

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