IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jscscx/v13y2024i3p144-d1351089.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Trade and Labor-Allocation: Evidence from Sectoral Embodied Labor Transfer between China and Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Xi Ji

    (School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Yifang Liu

    (Global Energy Interconnection Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100031, China)

  • Jingyu Yin

    (School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract

Under the influence of international trade, labor flow not only exists in the waves of international labor migration but is also embodied in international products and services. This paper focused on members of the China–Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC). We computed and analyzed the sectoral embodied labor transfer between China and Africa from 2000 to 2015 based on the Multiregional Input-Output Method. Our results are as follows: (1) Both China and Africa play roles as labor suppliers in the global supply chain. By ameliorating the trade structure, both China and Africa can better utilize their labor surplus. (2) China and Africa share complementarity in sectoral labor allocation. In short, the embodied labor transfer via international trade between China and Africa has, to some extent, relieved the labor shortage on both sides. (3) Africa has transformed into a net exporter of industrial labor since 2011. By analyzing the embodied labor flow from the global perspective, this paper beats a new path in depicting the effect of international trade on labor allocation, enriches the evaluation of embodied labor transfer between China and Africa, and also provides a beneficial supplement to Multiregional Input-Output analysis in the field of factor flows.

Suggested Citation

  • Xi Ji & Yifang Liu & Jingyu Yin, 2024. "Trade and Labor-Allocation: Evidence from Sectoral Embodied Labor Transfer between China and Africa," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:144-:d:1351089
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/13/3/144/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/13/3/144/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fisher, Eric O'N., 2011. "Introduction to Heckscher-Ohlin theory: A modern approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 129-130, April.
    2. Rocco, Matteo V. & Colombo, Emanuela, 2016. "Internalization of human labor in embodied energy analysis: Definition and application of a novel approach based on Environmentally extended Input-Output analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 590-601.
    3. Chen, Z.M. & Chen, G.Q., 2011. "An overview of energy consumption of the globalized world economy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 5920-5928, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Usubiaga-Liaño, Arkaitz & Arto, Iñaki & Acosta-Fernández, José, 2021. "Double accounting in energy footprint and related assessments: How common is it and what are the consequences?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    2. Wenmei Kang & Mou Wang & Ying Chen & Ying Zhang, 2022. "Decoupling of the Growing Exports in Foreign Trade from the Declining Gross Exports of Embodied Energy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Ren, Siyu & Hao, Yu & Xu, Lu & Wu, Haitao & Ba, Ning, 2021. "Digitalization and energy: How does internet development affect China's energy consumption?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    4. Li, Yilin & Chen, Bin & Li, Chaohui & Li, Zhi & Chen, Guoqian, 2020. "Energy perspective of Sino-US trade imbalance in global supply chains," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    5. Wu, X.D. & Guo, J.L. & Chen, G.Q., 2018. "The striking amount of carbon emissions by the construction stage of coal-fired power generation system in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 358-369.
    6. Tang, Miaohan & Hong, Jingke & Liu, Guiwen & Shen, Geoffrey Qiping, 2019. "Exploring energy flows embodied in China's economy from the regional and sectoral perspectives via combination of multi-regional input–output analysis and a complex network approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1191-1201.
    7. Li, Xue & Lin, Cong & Wang, Yang & Zhao, Lingying & Duan, Na & Wu, Xudong, 2015. "Analysis of rural household energy consumption and renewable energy systems in Zhangziying town of Beijing," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 318(C), pages 184-193.
    8. Raza, Muhammad Yousaf & Lin, Boqiang, 2023. "Future outlook and influencing factors analysis of natural gas consumption in Bangladesh: An economic and policy perspectives," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    9. Sun, Xudong & Li, Jiashuo & Qiao, Han & Zhang, Bo, 2017. "Energy implications of China's regional development: New insights from multi-regional input-output analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 118-131.
    10. Vítor JPD Martinho, 2018. "A transversal perspective on global energy production and consumption: An approach based on convergence theory," Energy & Environment, , vol. 29(4), pages 556-575, June.
    11. Lijun Wang & Haizhong An & Xiaohua Xia & Xiaojia Liu & Xiaoqi Sun & Xuan Huang, 2014. "Generating Moving Average Trading Rules on the Oil Futures Market with Genetic Algorithms," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-10, May.
    12. Md Shah Naoaj & Mir Md Moyazzem Hosen, 2023. "Does higher capital maintenance drive up banks cost of equity? Evidence from Bangladesh," Papers 2302.02762, arXiv.org.
    13. Zhang, Bo & Chen, Z.M. & Xia, X.H. & Xu, X.Y. & Chen, Y.B., 2013. "The impact of domestic trade on China's regional energy uses: A multi-regional input–output modeling," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1169-1181.
    14. Zhang, Bo & Qu, Xue & Meng, Jing & Sun, Xudong, 2017. "Identifying primary energy requirements in structural path analysis: A case study of China 2012," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 425-435.
    15. Wu, X.D. & Ji, Xi & Li, Chaohui & Xia, X.H. & Chen, G.Q., 2019. "Water footprint of thermal power in China: Implications from the high amount of industrial water use by plant infrastructure of coal-fired generation system," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 452-461.
    16. Wang, Saige & Chen, Bin, 2016. "Energy–water nexus of urban agglomeration based on multiregional input–output tables and ecological network analysis: A case study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 773-783.
    17. Moana S. Simas & Laura Golsteijn & Mark A. J. Huijbregts & Richard Wood & Edgar G. Hertwich, 2014. "The “Bad Labor” Footprint: Quantifying the Social Impacts of Globalization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(11), pages 1-27, October.
    18. Lin Zhang & Shan Guo & Zezhou Wu & Ahmed Alsaedi & Tasawar Hayat, 2018. "SWOT Analysis for the Promotion of Energy Efficiency in Rural Buildings: A Case Study of China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, April.
    19. Arias, I. & Cardemil, J. & Zarza, E. & Valenzuela, L. & Escobar, R., 2022. "Latest developments, assessments and research trends for next generation of concentrated solar power plants using liquid heat transfer fluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    20. Shao, Ling & Wu, Zi & Zeng, L. & Chen, Z.M. & Zhou, Y. & Chen, G.Q., 2013. "Embodied energy assessment for ecological wastewater treatment by a constructed wetland," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 63-71.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:144-:d:1351089. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.