IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jscscx/v13y2024i10p550-d1499364.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Disparities in Tobacco Smoking by Sex and Employment Status: Results from South Africa’s First Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Catherine O. Egbe

    (Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use & Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
    Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa)

  • Portia Nevhungoni

    (Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

  • Mukhethwa Londani

    (Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use & Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
    Directorate of Research and Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa)

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Tobacco smoking is a cause of premature death and illness globally. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking among South African adults according to sex, education, and employment status among socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2021 South African Global Adult Tobacco Survey (a nationally representative household survey using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling design). The 6311 participants were aged 15+ years. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate relationships between current smoking and socio-demographic variables. Results: Smoking prevalence was 25.8% (n = 1573) (41.2% among men, 11.5% among women; 29.9% among working individuals, 23.1% among non-working individuals). The multiple logistic regression results showed that males aged 45–64 were twice as likely to be currently smoking than males aged 15–24. Coloured (of mixed race) males were twice as likely to smoke as Black African males. Males with secondary/post-secondary education were less likely to smoke compared to males with no education. Coloured females were seven times and White females were almost five times more likely to smoke than Black African females. Females with post-secondary education were less likely to smoke than those with no formal education. Females earning an income were more likely to smoke compared to those with no income. Non-working participants aged 25–44 and 45–64 were more likely to smoke compared to those aged 15–24 years. Working and non-working Coloured and working White individuals were three times more likely to smoke than working or non-working Black Africans. Conclusion: Groups with higher identified smoking prevalence may indicate where smoking cessation interventions should be targeted to reduce national smoking prevalence.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine O. Egbe & Portia Nevhungoni & Mukhethwa Londani, 2024. "Disparities in Tobacco Smoking by Sex and Employment Status: Results from South Africa’s First Global Adult Tobacco Survey," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-15, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:13:y:2024:i:10:p:550-:d:1499364
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/13/10/550/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/13/10/550/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. World Health Organization, 2023. "WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023: protect people from tobacco smoke," University of California at San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education qt7x18m7f9, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, UC San Francisco.
    2. Isabel Martinez Leal & Matthew Taing & Virmarie Correa-Fernández & Ezemenari M. Obasi & Bryce Kyburz & Kathy Le & Litty Koshy & Tzuan A. Chen & Teresa Williams & Kathleen Casey & Daniel P. O’Connor & , 2021. "Addressing Smoking Cessation among Women in Substance Use Treatment: A Qualitative Approach to Guiding Tailored Interventions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-25, May.
    3. Tanya Lee Pauw, 2022. "Catching up with the constitution: An analysis of National Health Insurance in South Africa post-apartheid," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(6), pages 921-934, November.
    4. Senamile P. Ngobese & Catherine O. Egbe & Mukhethwa Londani & Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf, 2020. "Non-Smoker’s Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in South Africa during 2017," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-11, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Haleem A. Brown & Rachel D. Roberts & Tzuan A. Chen & Michael S. Businelle & Ezemenari M. Obasi & Darla E. Kendzor & Lorraine R. Reitzel, 2022. "Perceived Disease Risk of Smoking, Barriers to Quitting, and Cessation Intervention Preferences by Sex Amongst Homeless Adult Concurrent Tobacco Product Users and Conventional Cigarette-Only Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Abdulaziz Hamid & Aprill Z. Dawson & Yilin Xu & Leonard E. Egede, 2024. "Independent Correlates of Glycemic Control among Adults with Diabetes in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-12, April.
    3. Brian J. Carter & Ammar D. Siddiqi & Tzuan A. Chen & Maggie Britton & Isabel Martinez Leal & Virmarie Correa-Fernández & Anastasia Rogova & Bryce Kyburz & Teresa Williams & Kathleen Casey & Lorraine R, 2023. "Educating Substance Use Treatment Center Providers on Tobacco Use Treatments Is Associated with Increased Provision of Counseling and Medication to Patients Who Use Tobacco," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-17, February.
    4. Ammar D. Siddiqi & Tzuan A. Chen & Maggie Britton & Isabel Martinez Leal & Brian J. Carter & Virmarie Correa-Fernández & Anastasia Rogova & Bryce Kyburz & Teresa Williams & Kathleen Casey & Lorraine R, 2023. "Changes in Substance Use Treatment Providers’ Delivery of the 5A’s for Non-Cigarette Tobacco Use in the Context of a Comprehensive Tobacco-Free Workplace Program Implementation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Kathy Le & Tzuan A. Chen & Isabel Martinez Leal & Virmarie Correa-Fernández & Ezemenari M. Obasi & Bryce Kyburz & Teresa Williams & Kathleen Casey & Matthew Taing & Daniel P. O’Connor & Lorraine R. Re, 2021. "Organizational Factors Moderating Changes in Tobacco Use Dependence Care Delivery Following a Comprehensive Tobacco-Free Workplace Intervention in Non-Profit Substance Use Treatment Centers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-16, October.
    6. Matthew Taing & Vijay Nitturi & Tzuan A. Chen & Bryce Kyburz & Isabel Martinez Leal & Virmarie Correa-Fernández & Ezemenari M. Obasi & Teresa Williams & Kathleen Casey & Daniel P. O’Connor & Litty Kos, 2021. "Implementation and Outcomes of a Comprehensive Tobacco Free Workplace Program in Opioid Treatment Centers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, December.
    7. Kathy Le & Tzuan A. Chen & Isabel Martinez Leal & Virmarie Correa-Fernández & Ezemenari M. Obasi & Bryce Kyburz & Teresa Williams & Kathleen Casey & Haleem A. Brown & Daniel P. O’Connor & Lorraine R. , 2021. "Organizational-Level Moderators Impacting Tobacco-Related Knowledge Change after Tobacco Education Training in Substance Use Treatment Centers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-14, July.
    8. Les Mayhew & Mei Sum Chan & Andrew J. G. Cairns, 2024. "The great health challenge: levelling up the U.K," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 49(2), pages 270-294, April.
    9. David, Jean-Charles & Fonte, David & Sutter-Dallay, Anne-Laure & Auriacombe, Marc & Serre, Fuschia & Rascle, Nicole & Loyal, Deborah, 2024. "The stigma of smoking among women: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    10. Ammar D. Siddiqi & Maggie Britton & Tzuan A. Chen & Brian J. Carter & Carol Wang & Isabel Martinez Leal & Anastasia Rogova & Bryce Kyburz & Teresa Williams & Mayuri Patel & Lorraine R. Reitzel, 2022. "Tobacco Screening Practices and Perceived Barriers to Offering Tobacco Cessation Services among Texas Health Care Centers Providing Behavioral Health Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, August.
    11. Cassidy R. LoParco & Tzuan A. Chen & Isabel Martinez Leal & Maggie Britton & Brian J. Carter & Virmarie Correa-Fernández & Bryce Kyburz & Teresa Williams & Kathleen Casey & Anastasia Rogova & Hsien-Ch, 2022. "Organization-Level Factors Associated with Changes in the Delivery of the Five A’s for Smoking Cessation following the Implementation of a Comprehensive Tobacco-Free Workplace Program within Substance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:13:y:2024:i:10:p:550-:d:1499364. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.