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Social Determinants of Health and Vascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Call for Action

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  • Davide Costa

    (Department of Law, Economics and Sociology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
    Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

  • Nicola Ielapi

    (Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
    Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy)

  • Egidio Bevacqua

    (Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
    Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

  • Salvatore Ciranni

    (Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
    Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

  • Lucia Cristodoro

    (Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
    Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

  • Giuseppina Torcia

    (Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
    Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

  • Raffaele Serra

    (Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
    Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy)

Abstract

Several factors that underlie health inequality have been studied and defined as the social determinants of health (SDHs). The main SDHs are gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity. In this study, disparity was analyzed in the context of vascular diseases (VDs) such as Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), Chronic Venous Disease (CVD), Abdominal Arterial Aneurysm (AAA), and Carotid Stenosis (CS). This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the published evidence of the SDHs in VDs. For this purpose, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. Published articles using the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were searched. The criteria for the articles’ inclusion/exclusion were decided using a modified PICOTS framework. For the selected articles, the data sheets were organized in such a way to extract all data of potential relevance. Our findings showed that in VDs, gender, SES, and ethnicity are very important, with some specific problems for VDs analyzed. In conclusion, having detected the presence of SDHs that act negatively on VDs, a model based on action items for the SDHs associated with VDs was proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Davide Costa & Nicola Ielapi & Egidio Bevacqua & Salvatore Ciranni & Lucia Cristodoro & Giuseppina Torcia & Raffaele Serra, 2023. "Social Determinants of Health and Vascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Call for Action," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:214-:d:1116128
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Davide Costa & Nicola Ielapi & Francesco Caprino & Nicola Giannotta & Antonio Sisinni & Andrea Abramo & Lwanga Ssempijja & Michele Andreucci & Umberto Marcello Bracale & Raffaele Serra, 2022. "Social Aspects of Diabetic Foot: A Scoping Review," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Wilkinson, Richard G & Pickett, Kate E., 2006. "Income inequality and population health: A review and explanation of the evidence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(7), pages 1768-1784, April.
    3. Mackenbach, Johan P., 2012. "The persistence of health inequalities in modern welfare states: The explanation of a paradox," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(4), pages 761-769.
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