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Predicting Frequent and Feared Crime Typologies: Individual and Social/Environmental Variables, and Incivilities

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  • Sónia Caridade

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    Interdisciplinary Center for Gender Studies (CIEG) of the Higher Institute of Social and Political Sciences of the University of Lisbon (ISCSP-UL), 1300-666 Lisboa, Portugal
    School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

  • Mariana Magalhães

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Vanessa Azevedo

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Rui Leandro Maia

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Praça 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Rui Estrada

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal)

  • Ana Isabel Sani

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    Research Center on Child Studies (CIEC), University of Minho (UM), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

  • Laura M. Nunes

    (Permanent Observatory of Violence and Crime (OPVC), University of Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
    Research Centre for Justice and Governance (JusGov), University of Minho (UM), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal)

Abstract

The lack of organisation in urban spaces plays a decisive role in the level of integration, communication and social bonds of the residents, impacting the citizens’ feelings of trust and security. Different personal variables and contextual characteristics have been associated with the fear of crime (FOC). The main objective of this study is to analyse how individual and social/environmental variables, and incivilities, predict crime against people and property, crime that has either happened or is feared to happen. Five hundred and fifty-four residents ( M = 43.82; SD = 18.38) in the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP), Portugal, answered 61 items of the Diagnosis of Local Security (DLS) Questionnaire. The results of this study show that in the most frequent crime category, 72% of occurrences represent crime against property. In the feared crime category, there is a preponderance of crime against people (61%). Age of the respondents predicted the most frequent and feared crime, while sex predicted the most feared crime only. Social/environmental variables, as well as incivilities, also predict the frequent and feared crime in two typologies, i.e., crime against people and crime against property. Practical implications to reduce FOC and areas for further investigation are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Sónia Caridade & Mariana Magalhães & Vanessa Azevedo & Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis & Rui Leandro Maia & Rui Estrada & Ana Isabel Sani & Laura M. Nunes, 2022. "Predicting Frequent and Feared Crime Typologies: Individual and Social/Environmental Variables, and Incivilities," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:126-:d:770833
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scarborough, Brittney K. & Like-Haislip, Toya Z. & Novak, Kenneth J. & Lucas, Wayne L. & Alarid, Leanne F., 2010. "Assessing the relationship between individual characteristics, neighborhood context, and fear of crime," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 819-826, July.
    2. Schafer, Joseph A. & Huebner, Beth M. & Bynum, Timothy S., 2006. "Fear of crime and criminal victimization: Gender-based contrasts," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 285-301.
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