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The Persistent Adivasi Demand for Land Rights and the Forest Rights Act 2006 in Kerala, India

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  • Darley Jose Kjosavik

    (Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Aas, Norway)

  • Nadarajah Shanmugaratnam

    (Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Aas, Norway)

Abstract

This paper asks whether the Forest Rights Act (FRA) passed by the Government of India in 2006 could provide effective access and ownership rights to land and forests for the adivasi communities of Kerala, thereby leading to an enhancement of their entitlements. The study was conducted in Wayanad district using qualitative methods of data collection. The FRA, it would seem, raised high expectations in the State Government circles and the Adivasi community. This was at a time when the Government of Kerala was grappling with a stalemate in the implementation of its own laws on adivasi land rights, due to the organized resistance from the settler-farmers and the non-adivasi workers employed in the plantations that were established to provide employment for adivasis. Our analysis shows that due to the inherent problems within the FRA as well as its complex and contested implementation, the FRA could not achieve the promised objectives of correcting historical injustice and provide effective land rights to the adivasis of Wayanad. The role played by the conservation lobby in thwarting the efforts of the Left government is discussed. While granting nominal possession rights (Record of Rights) to the dwelling sites of a small community of adivasis (Kattunaicker, who were traditional forest dwellers), the FRA has failed to provide them with substantive access and ownership rights to land and forests. The adivasis who were able to gain some rights to land have been those who were involved in land occupation struggles. The study reiterates the importance of struggles in gaining effective rights in land.

Suggested Citation

  • Darley Jose Kjosavik & Nadarajah Shanmugaratnam, 2021. "The Persistent Adivasi Demand for Land Rights and the Forest Rights Act 2006 in Kerala, India," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:158-:d:546411
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A. Damodaran, 2006. "Tribals, Forests and Resource Conflicts in Kerala, India: The Status Quo of Policy Change," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(3), pages 357-371.
    2. Sathyapalan, Jyothis, 2010. "Implementation of the Forest Rights Act in the Western Ghats Region of Kerala," MPRA Paper 24398, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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