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Reactions of Bitcoin and Gold to Categorical Financial Stress: New Evidence from Quantile Estimation

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  • Mohammad Enamul Hoque

    (BRAC Business School, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Soo-Wah Low

    (Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

Abstract

This study examines the responses of Bitcoin and gold to categorical financial stress and compares the responses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The OLS and Quantile regression estimations revealed that gold and Bitcoin exhibit similar reactions in full and pre COVID-19 samples. Gold and Bitcoin respond positively to equity valuation and safe assets categories of financial stress. Gold also reacts positively to the credit category of financial stress suggesting that widening credit spreads are bullish for gold. Bitcoin and gold respond differently in the funding category, and there is no significant reaction to volatility-related financial stress. Overall, the effects of categorical financial stress on gold and Bitcoin are similar in the full sample and sub-sample before COVID-19, but the effects are heterogeneous. Interestingly, during the pandemic, the reactions of gold and Bitcoin to categorical financial stress have changed. Gold only reacts positively to the credit category of financial stress across quantiles. Bitcoin reacts positively to credit and safe asset categories but not across all quantiles. The findings offer insights into the effects of several systemic financial stress on the value of safe haven assets.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Enamul Hoque & Soo-Wah Low, 2022. "Reactions of Bitcoin and Gold to Categorical Financial Stress: New Evidence from Quantile Estimation," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:7:p:136-:d:853765
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bouoiyour, Jamal & Selmi, Refk & Wohar, Mark E., 2018. "Measuring the response of gold prices to uncertainty: An analysis beyond the mean," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 105-116.
    2. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Lucey, Brian M. & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    3. Sercan Demiralay, 2019. "Global Risk Factors and Stock Returns during Bull and Bear Market Conditions: Evidence from Emerging Economies in Europe," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2019(4), pages 402-415.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Billah, Mabruk & Kapar, Burcu & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr, 2024. "Quantifying the volatility spillover dynamics between financial stress and US financial sectors: Evidence from QVAR connectedness," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    2. Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Soo-Wah, Low & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Akhter, Tahmina, 2023. "Time and frequency domain connectedness and spillover among categorical and regional financial stress, gold and bitcoin market," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    3. Gaies, Brahim & Chaâbane, Najeh & Bouzouita, Nesrine, 2024. "Navigating the storm: Time-frequency quantile dependence and non-linear causality between crypto-currency market volatility and financial instability," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 43-70.
    4. Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Billah, Mabruk & Alam, Md Rafayet & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2024. "Gold-backed cryptocurrencies: A hedging tool against categorical and regional financial stress," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    5. Gaies, Brahim & Chaâbane, Najeh & Arfaoui, Nadia & Sahut, Jean-Michel, 2024. "On the resilience of cryptocurrencies: A quantile-frequency analysis of bitcoin and ethereum reactions in times of inflation and financial instability," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PA).
    6. Fasanya, Ismail O. & Oyewole, Oluwatomisin & Dauda, Mariam, 2023. "Uncertainty due to infectious diseases and bitcoin-gold nexus: Evidence from a non-parametric causality-in-quantiles approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

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