IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v10y2022i1p14-d719277.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Market and Accounting Measures of Risk: The Case of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Rutkowska-Ziarko

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences, Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between market and accounting measures of risk and the profitability of companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. An important aspect of the study was to employ accounting beta coefficients as a systematic risk measure. The research considered classical and downside risk measures. The profitability of a company was expressed as ROA and ROE. When determining the downside risk, two approaches were employed: the approach by Bawa and Lindenberg and the approach by Harlow and Rao. In all the analyzed companies, there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between the average value of profitability ratios and the market rate of return on investment in their stocks. Additionally, correlation coefficients are higher for the companies included in the DAX index compared with those from the MDAX or SDAX indices. A positive and in each case a statistically significant correlation was observed for all DAX-indexed companies between all types of market betas and corresponding accounting betas. Likewise, for the MDAX-indexed companies, these correlations were positive but statistical significance emerged only for accounting betas calculated on ROA. As regards the DAX index, not every correlation was positive and significant.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Rutkowska-Ziarko, 2022. "Market and Accounting Measures of Risk: The Case of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:1:p:14-:d:719277
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/10/1/14/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/10/1/14/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bogdan Włodarczyk & Marek Szturo, 2018. "Financialization of Commodity Markets," Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics, in: Krzysztof Jajuga & Hermann Locarek-Junge & Lucjan T. Orlowski (ed.), Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Finance, pages 99-108, Springer.
    2. Tsai, Hsiu-Jung & Chen, Ming-Chi & Yang, Chih-Yuan, 2014. "A time-varying perspective on the CAPM and downside betas," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 440-454.
    3. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    4. Ali, Heba, 2019. "Does downside risk matter more in asset pricing? Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 154-174.
    5. Nurjannah & Don U.A. Galagedera & Robert Brooks, 2012. "Conditional Relation between Systematic Risk and Returns in the Conventional and Downside Frameworks: Evidence from the Indonesian Market," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 11(3), pages 271-300, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Małgorzata Tarczynska-Luniewska & Iwona Bak & Uma Shankar Singh & Guru Ashish Singh, 2022. "Economic Crisis Impact Assessment and Risk Exposure Evaluation of Selected Energy Sector Companies from Bombay Stock Exchange," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-25, November.
    2. Rutkowska – Ziarko, Anna & Markowski, Lesław & Abdou, Hussein A., 2024. "Conditional CAPM relationships in standard and accounting risk approaches," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    3. Anna Rutkowska-Ziarko & Lesław Markowski, 2022. "Accounting and Market Risk Measures of Polish Energy Companies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Anouar Faiteh & Mohammed Rachid Aasri, 2022. "Accounting Beta as an Indicator of Risk Measurement: The Case of the Casablanca Stock Exchange," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-13, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rutkowska-Ziarko, Anna & Markowski, Lesław & Pyke, Christopher & Amin, Saqib, 2022. "Conventional and downside CAPM: The case of London stock exchange," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    2. Rutkowska – Ziarko, Anna & Markowski, Lesław & Abdou, Hussein A., 2024. "Conditional CAPM relationships in standard and accounting risk approaches," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    3. Sree Vinutha Venkataraman, 2023. "A remark on mean‐semivariance behaviour: Downside risk and capital asset pricing," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(3), pages 2683-2695, July.
    4. Roman Mestre, 2021. "A wavelet approach of investing behaviors and their effects on risk exposures," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-37, December.
    5. Anna Rutkowska-Ziarko & Lesław Markowski, 2022. "Accounting and Market Risk Measures of Polish Energy Companies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    6. Marrero, Gustavo A. & Puch, Luis A. & Ramos-Real, Francisco J., 2015. "Mean-variance portfolio methods for energy policy risk management," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 246-264.
    7. Ormos Mihály & Timotity Dusán, 2017. "The Case of “Less is More”: Modelling Risk-Preference with Expected Downside Risk," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 17(2), pages 1-14, June.
    8. Asgar Ali & K. N. Badhani, 2023. "Downside risk matters once the lottery effect is controlled: explaining risk–return relationship in the Indian equity market," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(1), pages 27-43, February.
    9. Liu, Jinjing, 2023. "A novel downside beta and expected stock returns," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    10. Manish Bansal & Asgar Ali, 2021. "Differential impact of earnings management on the accrual anomaly," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(7), pages 559-572, December.
    11. José Soares Fonseca, 2020. "Portfolio selection in euro area with CAPM and Lower Partial Moments models," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 19(1), pages 49-66, January.
    12. Lesław Markowski, 2019. "Stock market situation and relations between beta coefficients and returns determined by the CAPM on the example of companies from the ICT sector," Collegium of Economic Analysis Annals, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, issue 54, pages 393-408.
    13. Nida SHAH* & Javaid DARS* & Ambreen ZEB**, 2015. "Market Varying Conditional Risk-Return Relationship," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 25(1), pages 25-43.
    14. Shi, Huai-Long & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2022. "Factor volatility spillover and its implications on factor premia," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    15. Ho, Ron Yiu-wah & Strange, Roger & Piesse, Jenifer, 2006. "On the conditional pricing effects of beta, size, and book-to-market equity in the Hong Kong market," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 199-214, July.
    16. Muhammad Kashif & Thomas Leirvik, 2022. "The MAX Effect in an Oil Exporting Country: The Case of Norway," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, March.
    17. Michel Fliess & Cédric Join, 2009. "Systematic risk analysis: first steps towards a new definition of beta," Post-Print inria-00425077, HAL.
    18. Barbara Fidanza & Ottorino Morresi, 2021. "Size and Value Anomalies in European Bank Stocks," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(12), pages 227-227, July.
    19. Bo-Hung Chiou & Shen-Ho Chang, 2020. "Influence of Investment Efficiency by Managers and Accounting Conservatism on Idiosyncratic Risks to Investors," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8.
    20. Constantinos Antoniou & John A. Doukas & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2016. "Investor Sentiment, Beta, and the Cost of Equity Capital," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(2), pages 347-367, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:1:p:14-:d:719277. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.