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An Overall Perspective for the Study of Emerging Contaminants in Karst Aquifers

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Campanale

    (National Council of Research—Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

  • Daniela Losacco

    (National Council of Research—Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy
    Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Mariangela Triozzi

    (National Council of Research—Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

  • Carmine Massarelli

    (National Council of Research—Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

  • Vito Felice Uricchio

    (National Council of Research—Water Research Institute, CNR-IRSA, 70132 Bari, Italy)

Abstract

Karst aquifers are essential drinking water sources, representing about 25% of the total available sources globally. Groundwater ecosystems consist of fissured carbonate rocks commonly covered with canopy collapse sinkholes. The open nature of karst aquifers makes them susceptible to rapidly transporting contaminants from the surface in dissolved and particulate forms. The principal aim of this review is to contribute to filling the gap in knowledge regarding major concerns affecting karst aquifers and understanding their vulnerabilities and dynamics. The principal groundwater pollutants of relevance are detailed in the present work, including well-known issues, such as the input of agriculture and its role in water quality. Emerging pollutants such as microplastics, still poorly studied in the groundwater systems, were also considered. Case studies for each typology of pollutant were highlighted, as their relative concerns for karst environments. Final considerations underlined an approach for studying karst environments more focused on understanding dynamics and links among different pollutants inputs and their drivers than on individual sources and impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Campanale & Daniela Losacco & Mariangela Triozzi & Carmine Massarelli & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2022. "An Overall Perspective for the Study of Emerging Contaminants in Karst Aquifers," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:105-:d:976190
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniela Losacco & Valeria Ancona & Domenico De Paola & Marina Tumolo & Carmine Massarelli & Angela Gatto & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2021. "Development of Ecological Strategies for the Recovery of the Main Nitrogen Agricultural Pollutants: A Review on Environmental Sustainability in Agroecosystems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Claudia Campanale & Carmine Massarelli & Ilaria Savino & Vito Locaputo & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2020. "A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-26, February.
    3. Claudia Campanale & Ilaria Savino & Iulian Pojar & Carmine Massarelli & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2020. "A Practical Overview of Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of Microplastics in Riverine Environments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-28, August.
    4. Wei Chen & Faming Zeng & Wei Liu & Jianwei Bu & Guofeng Hu & Songshi Xie & Hongyan Yao & Hong Zhou & Shihua Qi & Huanfang Huang, 2021. "Organochlorine Pesticides in Karst Soil: Levels, Distribution, and Source Diagnosis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-16, November.
    5. Carmine Massarelli & Daniela Losacco & Marina Tumolo & Claudia Campanale & Vito Felice Uricchio, 2021. "Protection of Water Resources from Agriculture Pollution: An Integrated Methodological Approach for the Nitrates Directive 91–676-EEC Implementation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-26, December.
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