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Not Mining Sterilization of Explored Mineral Resources. The Example of Native Sulfur Deposits in Poland Case History

Author

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  • Edyta Sermet

    (Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland)

  • Marek Nieć

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7a, 31-261 Cracow, Poland)

Abstract

The sterilization of mineral resources makes considerable amounts inaccessible for future use and may be a barrier to the free supply of commodities. During the exploitation of mineral deposits, some parts of their resources become sterilized as inaccessible because of natural hazards or unfavorable economic conditions. Not mining land use and the social opposition against mining is the purpose of sterilization of considerable demonstrated mineral resources of deposits not yet engaged in exploitation. The native sulfur deposits in Poland are a good example of such “not mining” sterilization, which makes a considerable part of known resources inaccessible. On the northern border of the Carpathian Foredeep within the Miocene gypsum formation, the systematic exploration had demonstrated about 1 billion tons of sulfur resources located in the deposits of varied dimensions. The sulfur opencast mining and underground melting (the modified Frasch method) flourished from 1958 up to 1993. The increasing sulfur supply, recoverable from hydrocarbons, caused the closing down of sulfur mines, leaving a place with considerable untouched resources. About 67% of sulfur resources left by closed mines and of other explored but not exploited deposits are sterilized by the advancement of settlements, industrial plants, road construction, and by social opposition against mining.

Suggested Citation

  • Edyta Sermet & Marek Nieć, 2021. "Not Mining Sterilization of Explored Mineral Resources. The Example of Native Sulfur Deposits in Poland Case History," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:30-:d:527377
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Mateus & C. Lopes & L. Martins & J. Carvalho, 2017. "Towards a multi-dimensional methodology supporting a safeguarding decision on the future access to mineral resources," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 30(3), pages 229-255, October.
    2. Tiess, Guenter, 2010. "Minerals policy in Europe: Some recent developments," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 190-198, September.
    3. Wrighton, C.E. & Bee, E.J. & Mankelow, J.M., 2014. "The development and implementation of mineral safeguarding policies at national and local levels in the United Kingdom," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 160-170.
    4. Conde, Marta, 2017. "Resistance to Mining. A Review," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 80-90.
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    1. Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska & Krzysztof Galos & Jarosław Kamyk, 2021. "Safeguarding of Key Minerals Deposits as a Basis of Sustainable Development of Polish Economy," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-32, May.
    2. Gałaś, Andrzej & Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja & Simić, Vladimir & Tost, Michael & Wårell, Linda & Gałaś, Slávka, 2023. "A comparative case-study on social and public administration aspects on mineral deposits safeguarding in chosen European countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).

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