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Optimisation of Time-Varying Asset Pricing Models with Penetration of Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall

Author

Listed:
  • Adeel Nasir

    (Department of Management Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Kanwal Iqbal Khan

    (Institute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Mário Nuno Mata

    (Lisbon Accounting and Business School Lisbon Polytechnic Institute, Avenida Miguel Bombarda 20, 1069-035 Lisbon, Portugal
    Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Management and Technology (ESGTS-IPS), 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal)

  • Pedro Neves Mata

    (ESCS—Escola Superior de Comunicação Social, Lisbon Polytechnic Institute, 1549-014 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Jéssica Nunes Martins

    (NOVA Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

This study aims to apply value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) as time-varying systematic and idiosyncratic risk factors to address the downside risk anomaly of various asset pricing models currently existing in the Pakistan stock exchange. The study analyses the significance of high minus low VaR and ES portfolios as a systematic risk factor in one factor, three-factor, and five-factor asset pricing model. Furthermore, the study introduced the six-factor model, deploying VaR and ES as the idiosyncratic risk factor. The theoretical and empirical alteration of traditional asset pricing models is the study’s contributions. This study reported a strong positive relationship of traditional market beta, value at risk, and expected shortfall. Market beta pertains its superiority in estimating the time-varying stock returns. Furthermore, value at risk and expected shortfall strengthen the effects of traditional beta impact on stock returns, signifying the proposed six-factor asset pricing model. Investment and profitability factors are redundant in conventional asset pricing models.

Suggested Citation

  • Adeel Nasir & Kanwal Iqbal Khan & Mário Nuno Mata & Pedro Neves Mata & Jéssica Nunes Martins, 2021. "Optimisation of Time-Varying Asset Pricing Models with Penetration of Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-38, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:4:p:394-:d:500481
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    References listed on IDEAS

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