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A Fuzzy Graph Based Chemometrics Method for Gelatin Authentication

Author

Listed:
  • Nurfarhana Hassan

    (Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

  • Tahir Ahmad

    (Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

  • Norhidayu M. Zain

    (Islamic Civilization Academy, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

  • Siti Rahmah Awang

    (Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia)

Abstract

Graph theory is a well-established concept that is widely used in numerous applications such as in biology, chemistry and network analysis. The advancement in the theory of graph has led to the development of a new concept called fuzzy autocatalytic set. In this paper, a fuzzy graph-based chemometrics method, namely, chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set (c-FACS) is developed and applied for gelatin authentication. The issue on authenticity of gelatin has become a sensitive issue among some religious communities. Due to the matter, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of bovine, porcine and fish gelatins are analyzed using c-FACS to identify their signatures and differences and presented in this paper. The results from the c-FACS analysis showed distinct features of each gelatin, particularly porcine. Furthermore, the new method is faster than principal component analysis (PCA) in identifying the gelatin sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurfarhana Hassan & Tahir Ahmad & Norhidayu M. Zain & Siti Rahmah Awang, 2020. "A Fuzzy Graph Based Chemometrics Method for Gelatin Authentication," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:8:y:2020:i:11:p:1969-:d:440730
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nurfarhana Hassan & Tahir Ahmad & Naji Arafat Mahat & Hasmerya Maarof & Mujahid Abdullahi & Nur Farah Dina Ajid & Zarith Sofia Jasmi & Foo Keat How, 2023. "Authentication of Counterfeit Hundred Ringgit Malaysian Banknotes Using Fuzzy Graph Method," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Nor Kamariah Kasmin & Tahir Ahmad & Amidora Idris & Siti Rahmah Awang & Mujahid Abdullahi, 2023. "Multidigraph Autocatalytic Set for Modelling Complex Systems," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-20, February.

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