The T-Spherical Fuzzy Einstein Interaction Operation Matrix Energy Decision-Making Approach: The Context of Vietnam Offshore Wind Energy Storage Technologies Assessment

Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) is a critical field that addresses the inherent uncertainty and imprecision in complex decision scenarios. This study tackles the significant challenge of evaluating energy storage technologies (ESTs) in Vietnam’s offshore wind sector, where traditional decision-making models often fall short due to their inability to handle fuzzy data and complex criteria interactions effectively. To overcome these limitations, the novel T-spherical fuzzy Einstein interaction operation matrix energy decision-making approach is introduced. This methodology integrates T-spherical fuzzy sets with matrix energy concepts and Einstein interaction operations, thereby eliminating the need for traditional aggregation processes and criteria weight determinations. My approach provides a structured evaluation of ESTs, highlighting that hydrogen storage, among others, demonstrates significant potential for high energy capacity and long-term storage. The findings not only underscore the robustness of this new method in managing the complexities of renewable energy assessment but also offer a comprehensive tool for selecting the most suitable ESTs to support Vietnam’s energy transition strategies. This study recognizes limitations related to data dependency, which could affect the generalizability of the results. Future research is suggested to expand the ESTs considered and integrate extensive real-world operational data, aiming to deepen the exploration of economic impacts and long-term viability of these technologies. This revised approach emphasizes both the challenge of evaluating ESTs under uncertain conditions and my innovative solution, enhancing the relevance and applicability of the findings.