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Analysis of the In-Host Dynamics of Tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed M. Elaiw

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Afnan D. Al Agha

    (Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease that appeared in 2019 caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is still spreading and causing deaths around the world. There is a real concern of SARS-CoV-2 coinfection with other infectious diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). SARS-CoV-2 coinfection with TB has been recorded in many countries. It has been suggested that the coinfection is associated with severe disease and death. Mathematical modeling is an effective tool that can help understand the dynamics of coinfection between new diseases and well-known diseases. In this paper, we develop an in-host TB and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection model with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The model investigates the interactions between healthy epithelial cells (ECs), latent Mtb-infected ECs, active Mtb-infected ECs, SARS-CoV-2-infected ECs, free Mtb, free SARS-CoV-2, and CTLs. The model’s solutions are proved to be nonnegative and bounded. All equilibria with their existence conditions are calculated. Proper Lyapunov functions are selected to examine the global stability of equilibria. Numerical simulations are implemented to verify the theoretical results. It is found that the model has six equilibrium points. These points reflect two states: the mono-infection state where SARS-CoV-2 or TB occurs as a single infection, and the coinfection state where the two infections occur simultaneously. The parameters that control the movement between these states should be tested in order to develop better treatments for TB and COVID-19 coinfected patients. Lymphopenia increases the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 particles and thus can worsen the health status of the coinfected patient.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed M. Elaiw & Afnan D. Al Agha, 2023. "Analysis of the In-Host Dynamics of Tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-24, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:5:p:1104-:d:1077273
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yimin Du & Jianhong Wu & Jane M. Heffernan, 2017. "A simple in-host model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that captures all infection outcomes," Mathematical Population Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 37-63, January.
    2. Bandekar, Shraddha Ramdas & Ghosh, Mini, 2022. "A co-infection model on TB - COVID-19 with optimal control and sensitivity analysis," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1-31.
    3. Kassahun Getnet Mekonen & Shiferaw Feyissa Balcha & Legesse Lemecha Obsu & Abdulkadir Hassen, 2022. "Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of TB and COVID-19 Coinfection," Journal of Applied Mathematics, Hindawi, vol. 2022, pages 1-20, March.
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