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Non-Identical Inverter Rings as an Entropy Source: NIST-90B-Verified TRNG Architecture on FPGAs for IoT Device Integrity

Author

Listed:
  • Hemalatha Mahalingam

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sivaraman Rethinam

    (School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India)

  • Siva Janakiraman

    (School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India)

  • Amirtharajan Rengarajan

    (School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India)

Abstract

True random key generator (TRNG) architectures play a notable role in strengthening information security infrastructure. The development of new entropy sources based on reconfigurable hardware is always in demand, especially for the integrity of devices in IoT applications. TRNGs can be adopted for generating unique device IDs that form the data network in the IoT. A ring oscillator (RO) is an efficient entropy source which can be implemented on FPGAs or realised as ASIC hardware. This work proposes a non-identical RO array as an entropy source. The TRNG architecture, based on an increasing odd number of inverters per ring, was extensively studied. The various statistical and hardware analyses provided encouraging results for this reliable entropy unit. The suggested device-independent non-identical RO structure was implemented on five different types of FPGA hardware belonging to the Xilinx and Intel families, consuming 13 registers and nearly 15 combinational functions. This TRNG achieved a throughput of 3.5 Mbps. While the emergence of the Gaussian response evaluated true randomness, the NIST 800-90B and NIST 800-22 tests yielded good results in terms of the justification of randomness evolving from the proposed TRNG architecture.

Suggested Citation

  • Hemalatha Mahalingam & Sivaraman Rethinam & Siva Janakiraman & Amirtharajan Rengarajan, 2023. "Non-Identical Inverter Rings as an Entropy Source: NIST-90B-Verified TRNG Architecture on FPGAs for IoT Device Integrity," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:1049-:d:1073402
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Hongjun & Kadir, Abdurahman & Xu, Chengbo, 2020. "Cryptanalysis and constructing S-Box based on chaotic map and backtracking," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 376(C).
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    Keywords

    TRNG; jitters; FPGA; RO; cryptography;
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