IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v11y2023i22p4567-d1275622.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Formal Representation for Intelligent Decision-Making in Games

Author

Listed:
  • Chanjuan Liu

    (School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Ruining Zhang

    (School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Yu Zhang

    (Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China)

  • Enqiang Zhu

    (Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China)

Abstract

The study of intelligent game-playing has gained tremendous attention in the past few decades. The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) players (e.g., the Go player AlphaGo) has made intelligent game-playing even more prominent in both academia and industry. The performance of state-of-the-art AI players benefits greatly from machine learning techniques, based on which, players can make estimations and decisions even without understanding the games. Although AI machines show great superiority over humans in terms of data processing and complex computation, there remains a vast distance between artificial intelligence and human intelligence with respect to the abilities of context understanding and reasoning. In this paper, we explore the theoretical foundation of intelligent game-playing from a logical perspective. The proposed logic, by considering the computational limits in practical game-playing, drops the ideal assumptions in existing logics for the classical game model. We show that under logical framework, the basis of decision-making for agents in game scenarios can be formally represented and analyzed. Moreover, by characterizing the solutions of games, this logic is able to formalize players’ rational decision-making during practical game-playing.

Suggested Citation

  • Chanjuan Liu & Ruining Zhang & Yu Zhang & Enqiang Zhu, 2023. "A Formal Representation for Intelligent Decision-Making in Games," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:22:p:4567-:d:1275622
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/22/4567/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/22/4567/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fudenberg, Drew & Tirole, Jean, 1991. "Perfect Bayesian equilibrium and sequential equilibrium," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 236-260, April.
    2. Xiling Luo, 2023. "The Logic of Homophily Dynamics in Heterogeneous Networks: Axiomatization, Model Checking and Validity Checking," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Herbert A. Simon, 1955. "A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 69(1), pages 99-118.
    4. Martin J. Osborne & Ariel Rubinstein, 1994. "A Course in Game Theory," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262650401, April.
    5. Kian Tehranian, 2023. "Can Machine Learning Catch Economic Recessions Using Economic and Market Sentiments?," Papers 2308.16200, arXiv.org.
    6. Sheng Yan & Wensheng Yu, 2023. "Formal Verification of a Topological Spatial Relations Model for Geographic Information Systems in Coq," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, February.
    7. David Silver & Aja Huang & Chris J. Maddison & Arthur Guez & Laurent Sifre & George van den Driessche & Julian Schrittwieser & Ioannis Antonoglou & Veda Panneershelvam & Marc Lanctot & Sander Dieleman, 2016. "Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search," Nature, Nature, vol. 529(7587), pages 484-489, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Luyao Zhang & Xinyu Tian, 2022. "On Blockchain We Cooperate: An Evolutionary Game Perspective," Papers 2212.05357, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2023.
    2. Shi, Yi & Deng, Yawen & Wang, Guoan & Xu, Jiuping, 2020. "Stackelberg equilibrium-based eco-economic approach for sustainable development of kitchen waste disposal with subsidy policy: A case study from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    3. Giacomo Bonanno, 2009. "A characterization of sequential equilibrium in terms of AGM belief revision," Working Papers 33, University of California, Davis, Department of Economics.
    4. Bojan Ristić & Dejan Trifunović, 2014. "Horizontal Mergers And Weak And Strong Competition Commissions," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 59(202), pages 69-106, July – Se.
    5. Horaguchi, Haruo, 1996. "The role of information processing cost as the foundation of bounded rationality in game theory," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(3), pages 287-294, June.
    6. Marek Hudik, 0. "Equilibrium as compatibility of plans," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-20.
    7. Peter Stüttgen & Peter Boatwright & Robert T. Monroe, 2012. "A Satisficing Choice Model," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(6), pages 878-899, November.
    8. Carlos Pimienta, 2014. "Bayesian and consistent assessments," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 55(3), pages 601-617, April.
    9. Yuval Salant & Jörg L. Spenkuch, 2021. "Complexity and Choice," CESifo Working Paper Series 9239, CESifo.
    10. Hanjoon Michael Jung, 2020. "Perfect regular equilibrium," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 16(4), pages 380-398, December.
    11. Mehmet S. Ismail, 2023. "Human and Machine Intelligence in n-Person Games with Partial Knowledge: Theory and Computation," Papers 2302.13937, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    12. Joseph Greenberg & Sudheer Gupta & Xiao Luo, 2003. "Towering over Babel: Worlds Apart but Acting Together," IEAS Working Paper : academic research 03-A009, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
    13. Giacomo Bonanno, 2016. "Exploring the Gap between Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium and Sequential Equilibrium," Games, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-23, November.
    14. Giacomo Bonanno, 2011. "Perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Part II: epistemic foundations," Working Papers 111, University of California, Davis, Department of Economics.
    15. Kyoo il Kim, 2006. "Semiparametric Estimation of Signaling Games," Labor Economics Working Papers 22452, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    16. Giacomo Bonanno, 2013. "AGM-consistency and perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Part I: definition and properties," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 42(3), pages 567-592, August.
    17. Dekel, Eddie & Siniscalchi, Marciano, 2015. "Epistemic Game Theory," Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications,, Elsevier.
    18. Marek Hudik, 2020. "Equilibrium as compatibility of plans," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 89(3), pages 349-368, October.
    19. Subir K. Chakrabarti & Iryna Topolyan, 2016. "An extensive form-based proof of the existence of sequential equilibrium," Economic Theory Bulletin, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 4(2), pages 355-365, October.
    20. Valeska Groenert, 2013. "Trimmed equilibrium," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 42(1), pages 99-114, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:22:p:4567-:d:1275622. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.