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People-Centric Nature-Based Land Restoration through Agroforestry: A Typology

Author

Listed:
  • Meine van Noordwijk

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor 16155, Indonesia
    Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Agroforestry Research Group, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia)

  • Vincent Gitz

    (Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16115, Indonesia)

  • Peter A. Minang

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Sonya Dewi

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor 16155, Indonesia)

  • Beria Leimona

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor 16155, Indonesia)

  • Lalisa Duguma

    (World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi 00100, Kenya)

  • Nathanaël Pingault

    (Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16115, Indonesia)

  • Alexandre Meybeck

    (Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16115, Indonesia)

Abstract

Restoration depends on purpose and context. At the core it entails innovation to halt ongoing and reverse past degradation. It aims for increased functionality, not necessarily recovering past system states. Location-specific interventions in social-ecological systems reducing proximate pressures, need to synergize with transforming generic drivers of unsustainable land use. After reviewing pantropical international research on forests, trees, and agroforestry, we developed an options-by-context typology. Four intensities of land restoration interact: R.I. Ecological intensification within a land use system, R.II. Recovery/regeneration, within a local social-ecological system, R.III. Reparation/recuperation, requiring a national policy context, R.IV. Remediation, requiring international support and investment. Relevant interventions start from core values of human identity while addressing five potential bottlenecks: Rights, Know-how, Markets (inputs, outputs, credit), Local Ecosystem Services (including water, agrobiodiversity, micro/mesoclimate) and Teleconnections (global climate change, biodiversity). Six stages of forest transition (from closed old-growth forest to open-field agriculture and re-treed (peri)urban landscapes) can contextualize interventions, with six special places: water towers, riparian zone and wetlands, peat landscapes, small islands and mangroves, transport infrastructure, and mining scars. The typology can help to link knowledge with action in people-centric restoration in which external stakeholders coinvest, reflecting shared responsibility for historical degradation and benefits from environmental stewardship.

Suggested Citation

  • Meine van Noordwijk & Vincent Gitz & Peter A. Minang & Sonya Dewi & Beria Leimona & Lalisa Duguma & Nathanaël Pingault & Alexandre Meybeck, 2020. "People-Centric Nature-Based Land Restoration through Agroforestry: A Typology," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-29, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:251-:d:391758
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    13. Peter Akong Minang & Meine Van Noordwijk & Lalisa A Duguma & Dieudonne Alemagi & Trong Hoan Do & Florence Bernard & Putra Agung & Valentina Robiglio & Delia Catacutan & Suyanto Suyanto & Angel Armas &, 2014. "REDD+ Readiness progress across countries: time for reconsideration," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(6), pages 685-708, November.
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    1. Kandel, Matt & Anghileri, Daniela & Alare, Rahinatu S. & Lovett, Peter N. & Agaba, Genevieve & Addoah, Thomas & Schreckenberg, Kate, 2022. "Farmers’ perspectives and context are key for the success and sustainability of farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) in northeastern Ghana," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    2. Priscilla Wainaina & Peter A. Minang & Eunice Gituku & Lalisa Duguma, 2020. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Landscape Restoration: A Stocktake," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-25, November.
    3. Anastasia Zabaniotou & Christine Syrgiannis & Daniela Gasperin & Arnoldo José de Hoyos Guevera & Ivani Fazenda & Donald Huisingh, 2020. "From Multidisciplinarity to Transdisciplinarity and from Local to Global Foci: Integrative Approaches to Systemic Resilience Based upon the Value of Life in the Context of Environmental and Gender Vul," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-32, October.
    4. Lalisa A. Duguma & Meine van Noordwijk & Peter A. Minang & Kennedy Muthee, 2021. "COVID-19 Pandemic and Agroecosystem Resilience: Early Insights for Building Better Futures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-22, January.
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    6. Stephanie Chizmar & Miguel Castillo & Dante Pizarro & Hector Vasquez & Wilmer Bernal & Raul Rivera & Erin Sills & Robert Abt & Rajan Parajuli & Frederick Cubbage, 2020. "A Discounted Cash Flow and Capital Budgeting Analysis of Silvopastoral Systems in the Amazonas Region of Peru," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-15, September.
    7. Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash, 2021. "Restoring the Unrestored: Strategies for Restoring Global Land during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (UN-DER)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-19, February.
    8. Meine van Noordwijk, 2021. "Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-8, July.
    9. Hameeda Sultan & Jinyan Zhan & Wajid Rashid & Xi Chu & Eve Bohnett, 2022. "Systematic Review of Multi-Dimensional Vulnerabilities in the Himalayas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Bussola, Francesca & Falco, Enzo & Aukes, Ewert & Stegmaier, Peter & Sorge, Stefan & Ciolli, Marco & Gagliano, Caterina & Geneletti, Davide, 2021. "Piloting a more inclusive governance innovation strategy for forest ecosystem services management in Primiero, Italy," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    11. Meine van Noordwijk, 2021. "Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services: Reconciling Values of Humans and Nature in Sustainable Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-24, July.

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