IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v9y2020i7p217-d380203.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

From Tactical Urbanism Action to Institutionalised Urban Planning and Educational Tool: The Evolution of Park(ing) Day

Author

Listed:
  • Krzysztof Herman

    (Department of Landscape Art, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Maria Rodgers

    (Te Kura Waihanga—Wellington School of Architecture, Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 139 Vivian Street, Te Aro, Wellington 6011, New Zealand)

Abstract

A singular and modest activist action, a temporary park created in San Francisco, grew into the global urban Park(ing) Day (PD) phenomenon. This tactical urbanism event not only expanded to be annually celebrated in thousands of parking lots all over the world but became an inspiration for urban planning and policy changes. The permanent rendition of Park(ing) Day, parklets, resulted from the movement but did not stop the spread of PD itself. This article presents case studies from New Zealand and Poland, two geographically and culturally distant locations where PD has further developed and evolved gaining local qualities. Through research methods such as research in design, secondary data analysis and expert interviews we study the trajectory of PD evolution and the role and interpretation of it in different parts of the globe. The results show a narrative of successive popularisation and institutionalisation as well as diversification. Departing from its grassroots, guerilla and assertive traits, PD has grown to become an artistic, creative and urban planning tool. As an established, recognised action and an ‘attractive’ idea, PD has great potential for designer education, allowing a venue for implementing methods such as design-build and live project.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzysztof Herman & Maria Rodgers, 2020. "From Tactical Urbanism Action to Institutionalised Urban Planning and Educational Tool: The Evolution of Park(ing) Day," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:217-:d:380203
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/7/217/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/7/217/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Krzysztof Herman & Madalina Sbarcea & Thomas Panagopoulos, 2018. "Creating Green Space Sustainability through Low-Budget and Upcycling Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Susan Blickstein & Susan Hanson, 2001. "Critical mass: forging a politics of sustainable mobility in the information age," Transportation, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 347-362, November.
    3. Editors The, 2006. "List of Contributors," Basic Income Studies, De Gruyter, vol. 1(2), pages 1-2, December.
    4. Donovan Finn, 2014. "DIY urbanism: implications for cities," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(4), pages 381-398, December.
    5. Kirralie Houghton & Marcus Foth & Evonne Miller, 2015. "Urban Acupuncture: Hybrid Social and Technological Practices for Hyperlocal Placemaking," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 3-19, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jaecheol Kim & Hyun-Young Jin, 2023. "Interpreting Tactical Urbanism through Innovation–Diffusion Theory: Insights from a Collaborative Design Studio Experience," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Krzysztof Herman & Łukasz Drozda, 2021. "Green Infrastructure in the Time of Social Distancing: Urban Policy and the Tactical Pandemic Urbanism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Robin A. Chang, 2021. "How Do Scholars Communicate the ‘Temporary Turn’ in Urban Studies? A Socio-Semiotic Framework," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(1), pages 133-145.
    4. Barbara Caselli & Giulia Pedilarco & Gloria Pellicelli & Silvia Rossetti & Michele Zazzi, 2024. "Enhancing Public Space Accessibility and Inclusivity in Residential Neighbourhoods: A Methodological Framework and Pilot Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-27, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carvajal Bermúdez, Juan Carlos & König, Reinhard, 2021. "The role of technologies and citizen organizations in decentralized forms of participation. A case study about residential streets in Vienna," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    2. Pucher, John & Buehler, Ralph & Seinen, Mark, 2011. "Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling trends and policies," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(6), pages 451-475, July.
    3. Stefano Moroni & Ward Rauws & Stefano Cozzolino, 2020. "Forms of self-organization: Urban complexity and planning implications," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 47(2), pages 220-234, February.
    4. Thomas Panagopoulos & Stilianos Tampakis & Paraskevi Karanikola & Aikaterini Karipidou-Kanari & Apostolos Kantartzis, 2018. "The Usage and Perception of Pedestrian and Cycling Streets on Residents’ Well-being in Kalamaria, Greece," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Greg Hearn & Marcus Foth & Diego Camelo-Herrera & Glenda Amayo Caldwell, 2023. "Urban Revitalisation Between Artisanal Craft and Green Manufacturing: The Case of Brisbane’s Northgate Industrial Precinct," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 8(4), pages 249-262.
    6. Jay Mitra & Mariusz Sokolowicz & Ursula Weisenfeld & Agnieszka Kurczewska & Silke Tegtmeier, 2020. "Citizen Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Picture of the Inclusion, Integration and Engagement of Citizens in the Entrepreneurial Process," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 6(2), pages 242-260, July.
    7. Gornik, Markus, 2020. "Smart governance: Kashiwa-no-ha smart city in Japan as a model for future urban development?," Wuppertaler Studienarbeiten zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, volume 22, number 22.
    8. Sebastian J. Goerg & John P. Lightle & Dmitry Ryvkin, 2016. "Priming The Charitable Pump: An Experimental Investigation Of Two-Stage Raffles," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 54(1), pages 508-519, January.
    9. Kwiatkowski Michał Adam, 2024. "Bicycle critical mass events 30 years on – are they an urban mobility movement or a bicycle festival?," Environmental & Socio-economic Studies, Sciendo, vol. 12(2), pages 28-39.
    10. Rob Roggema & Nico Tillie & Greg Keeffe & Wanglin Yan, 2021. "Nature-Based Deployment Strategies for Multiple Paces of Change: The Case of Oimachi, Japan," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(2), pages 143-161.
    11. Miza Moreau, 2024. "In/formal reappropriations: Spatialised needs and desires in residential alleys in Melbourne, Australia," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(6), pages 1031-1048, May.
    12. Daniel Rondeau & John List, 2008. "Matching and challenge gifts to charity: evidence from laboratory and natural field experiments," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 11(3), pages 253-267, September.
    13. Marco Cremaschi & Flavia Albanese & Maurizio Artero, 2020. "Migrants and Refugees: Bottom-Up and DIY Spaces in Italy," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(3), pages 189-199.
    14. Tuominen, Anu & Himanen, Veli, 2007. "Assessing the interaction between transport policy targets and policy implementation--A Finnish case study," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 14(5), pages 388-398, September.
    15. Taylor, Dr Elizabeth, 2021. "Free parking for free people: German road laws and rights as constraints on local car parking management," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 23-33.
    16. Wessel Strydom & Karen Puren & Ernst Drewes, 2024. "Defining Sustainable Placemaking in Spatial Planning: Lessons from a South African Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-24, June.
    17. Dirk Helbing & Farzam Fanitabasi & Fosca Giannotti & Regula Hänggli & Carina I. Hausladen & Jeroen van den Hoven & Sachit Mahajan & Dino Pedreschi & Evangelos Pournaras, 2021. "Ethics of Smart Cities: Towards Value-Sensitive Design and Co-Evolving City Life," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-25, October.
    18. Marco Cremaschi & Flavia Albanese & Maurizio Artero, 2020. "Migrants and Refugees: Bottom-Up and DIY Spaces in Italy," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(3), pages 189-199.
    19. Witschel, Julia & Souren, Rainer, 2014. "Kapazitätswirtschaftliche Analyse der Strukturelemente und Determinanten des Bikesharing," Ilmenauer Schriften zur Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, volume 2, number 22014, September.
    20. Dorota Bednarska-Olejniczak & Jarosław Olejniczak & Libuše Svobodová, 2019. "Towards a Smart and Sustainable City with the Involvement of Public Participation—The Case of Wroclaw," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-33, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:217-:d:380203. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.