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Contrasting the Effect of Forest Landscape Condition to the Resilience of Species Diversity in a Human Modified Landscape: Implications for the Conservation of Tree Species

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  • Mulugheta Ghebreslassie Araia

    (Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Pretoria 0022, South Africa)

  • Paxie Wanangwa Chirwa

    (Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield Pretoria 0022, South Africa)

  • Eméline Sêssi Pélagie Assédé

    (Faculté d’Agronomie, Université de Parakou, Parakou BP 123, Benin)

Abstract

Using landscape moderation insurance and Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) as frameworks, this study assessed the response of local assemblage among different land use regimes (mean β -diversity), using the Jaccard dissimilarity matrix in contrasting Human Modified Forest Landscapes (HMFLs). The study was conducted at the relatively simplified Mafhela Forest Reserve and the complex Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve in South Africa. The patterns of overall β -diversity between HMFL and State-protected Indigenous Forests (SIF) were compared and the leading change drivers were then untangled. This study found that human disturbance affects mean β -diversity of local assemblages among land use regimes between the two HMFLs in an ecologically contrasting manner. The HMFL in Mafhela Forest Reserve had distinct local assemblages among land use regimes and did not conform to the expectation of IDH. On average, HMFL had the same average local species richness as SIF, mainly due to change in species composition (species replacement) induced by land use disturbance. Land use intensity gradient was the leading change driver to explain the overall β -diversity of the Mafhela Forest Reserve. The findings in the Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve were in contrast with the Mafhela Forest Reserve. Although on average the HMFL had the same local species richness as SIFs, this was mainly due to a trade-off of species gain in trees along the rivers and streams and species loss in Culturally Protected Areas (sacred forests) (CPA) as expected by IDH. The contrasting findings imply that the effectiveness of any alternative conservation strategy is context-dependent. The resilience of local assemblages and conservation value of HMFL depends on the condition of the overall forest landscape complexity and cannnot be captured by one theory, nor by one species diversity matrix (e.g., β -diversity or Richness). It thus demands the application of complementary theoretical frameworks and multilevel modeling.

Suggested Citation

  • Mulugheta Ghebreslassie Araia & Paxie Wanangwa Chirwa & Eméline Sêssi Pélagie Assédé, 2019. "Contrasting the Effect of Forest Landscape Condition to the Resilience of Species Diversity in a Human Modified Landscape: Implications for the Conservation of Tree Species," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2019:i:1:p:4-:d:300951
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bernard W T Coetzee & Kevin J Gaston & Steven L Chown, 2014. "Local Scale Comparisons of Biodiversity as a Test for Global Protected Area Ecological Performance: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(8), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Mulugheta G. Araia & Paxie W. Chirwa, 2019. "Revealing the Predominance of Culture over the Ecological Abundance of Resources in Shaping Local People’s Forest and Tree Species Use Behavior: The Case of the Vhavenda People, South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, June.
    3. James E. M. Watson & Nigel Dudley & Daniel B. Segan & Marc Hockings, 2014. "The performance and potential of protected areas," Nature, Nature, vol. 515(7525), pages 67-73, November.
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