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How Do Changes in Grassland Phenology and Its Responses to Extreme Climatic Events in Central Asia?

Author

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  • Xinwei Wang

    (College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Jianhao Li

    (College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Jianghua Zheng

    (College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Liang Liu

    (College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Xiaojing Yu

    (College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Ruikang Tian

    (College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

  • Mengxiang Xing

    (College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

Abstract

Extreme climate events have become more frequent under global warming, significantly affecting vegetation phenology and carbon cycles in Central Asia. However, the mediating effects of intensity of compound drought and heat events (CDHEs) and compound moisture and heat events (CMHEs) on grassland phenology and their trends in the relative contributions to grassland phenology over time have remained unclear. Based on the calculation results of grassland phenology and compound events (CEs), this study used trend analysis, partial least squares regression structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), and ridge regression analysis to investigate the mediating effect and the temporal trend in relative contribution of CEs to grassland phenology in Central Asia, and the magnitude of sensitivity of grassland phenology to CEs. This study revealed that the start of season (SOS) was advanced by 0.4 d·a −1 , end of season (EOS) was delayed by 0.5 d·a −1 , and length of season (LOS) extended by 0.8 d·a −1 in 1982–2022. The duration of the CDHEs (0−37 days) was greater than that of the CMHEs (0−9 days) in Central Asia. The direct effects of CDHEs and CMHEs on grassland phenology were generally negative, except for the direct positive effect of CDHEs on LOS. The indirect effects of temperature and precipitation on grassland phenology through CDHEs and CMHEs were greater than their direct effects on phenology. The relative contribution of CDHEs to grassland phenology was consistently greater than that of CMHEs, and both the relative contribution curves showed a significant upward trend. The sensitivity of grassland phenology to CDHEs was higher than its sensitivity to CMHEs at 0.79 (SOS), 1.18 (EOS), and 0.72 (LOS). Our results emphasize the mediating effects of CDHEs and CMHEs on grassland phenology. Under the influence of CDHEs and CMHEs, the LOS will further lengthen in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinwei Wang & Jianhao Li & Jianghua Zheng & Liang Liu & Xiaojing Yu & Ruikang Tian & Mengxiang Xing, 2025. "How Do Changes in Grassland Phenology and Its Responses to Extreme Climatic Events in Central Asia?," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:1:p:160-:d:1566672
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Melissa Reyes-Fox & Heidi Steltzer & M. J. Trlica & Gregory S. McMaster & Allan A. Andales & Dan R. LeCain & Jack A. Morgan, 2014. "Elevated CO2 further lengthens growing season under warming conditions," Nature, Nature, vol. 510(7504), pages 259-262, June.
    2. Jennifer K. Balch & John T. Abatzoglou & Maxwell B. Joseph & Michael J. Koontz & Adam L. Mahood & Joseph McGlinchy & Megan E. Cattau & A. Park Williams, 2022. "Warming weakens the night-time barrier to global fire," Nature, Nature, vol. 602(7897), pages 442-448, February.
    3. Chaoyang Wu & Jie Peng & Philippe Ciais & Josep Peñuelas & Huanjiong Wang & Santiago Beguería & T. Andrew Black & Rachhpal S. Jassal & Xiaoyang Zhang & Wenping Yuan & Eryuan Liang & Xiaoyue Wang & Hao, 2022. "Increased drought effects on the phenology of autumn leaf senescence," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 12(10), pages 943-949, October.
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