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Land Use Policy Frameworks in Canada and Aotearoa New Zealand: Examining the Opportunities and Barriers of Indigenous-Led Conservation and Protected Areas

Author

Listed:
  • Emalee A. Vandermale

    (Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada)

  • Jordyn Bogetti

    (Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada)

  • Courtney W. Mason

    (Tourism Management/Natural Resource Science Departments, Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada)

Abstract

Indigenous Peoples throughout the world have been displaced from their ancestral territories through colonial land use management. Indigenous Peoples have pushed settler-colonial governments to shift their policy frameworks to better support Indigenous rights and leadership across land management, but particularly in conservation. In Canada, this has recently involved the development of Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas. Combined with pressure from international organizations, Canada’s Federal Government has dedicated substantial funds to support the establishment of these areas and to achieve conservation and reconciliatory goals. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori groups have shaped new legislation that recognizes legal personality status for natural features, which contrasts with Western understandings of land ownership. Indigenous-led conservation in Canada faces many interrelated barriers grounded in colonial histories that complicate land jurisdictions, reconciliation, and protected area networks. This research reveals some of this complexity by examining how Indigenous-led conservation can contribute to more equitable and consensus-based decision-making frameworks in land use management. Policy and legal analyses of Canadian, Aotearoa New Zealand, and international conservation and human rights documents inform our results. We affirm that Indigenous-led conservation can foster relationships between Indigenous Nations and Crown governments. They can also provide steps towards reconciling colonial injustices, supporting Indigenous self-determination, and advancing more sustainable land use systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Emalee A. Vandermale & Jordyn Bogetti & Courtney W. Mason, 2024. "Land Use Policy Frameworks in Canada and Aotearoa New Zealand: Examining the Opportunities and Barriers of Indigenous-Led Conservation and Protected Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:6:p:886-:d:1417690
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aikaterini Argyrou & Harry Hummels, 2019. "Legal personality and economic livelihood of the Whanganui River: a call for community entrepreneurship," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(6-7), pages 752-768, October.
    2. Mason, Courtney W., 2015. "The Banff Indian Days tourism festivals," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 77-95.
    3. Graeme Reed & Nicolas D. Brunet & Deborah McGregor & Curtis Scurr & Tonio Sadik & Jamie Lavigne & Sheri Longboat, 2022. "Toward Indigenous visions of nature-based solutions: an exploration into Canadian federal climate policy," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 514-533, April.
    4. Shirley Thompson & Stewart Hill & Annette Salles & Tanzim Ahmed & Ajarat Adegun & Uche Nwankwo, 2023. "The Northern Corridor, Food Insecurity and the Resource Curse for Indigenous Communities in Canada," SPP Research Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 16(20), June.
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