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Once Common, Long in Decline: Dynamics of Traditional Orchards in a Central European Landscape

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  • André Große-Stoltenberg

    (Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
    Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany)

  • Andreas Hanzl

    (Earth Observation for Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany)

  • Mojdeh Safaei

    (Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany)

  • Till Kleinebecker

    (Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
    Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany)

Abstract

Traditional orchards are distinctive features of cultural landscapes in Central Europe. Despite their high level of ecological importance, they are in decline, and comprehensive spatial data over broad extents, which could enable a trend analysis, are lacking. We analysed traditional orchard maps from 1952 to 1967 and a map from 2010, generated via aerial image interpretation, for the state of Hesse (ca. 21,115 km 2 ), which has the second largest share of traditional orchards in Germany. We aimed to (1) quantify long-term orchard dynamics, (2) compare orchard characteristics in terms of topographical, ecological, and socioeconomic factors, and (3) identify key drivers of orchard loss. We found that the number and area of orchards have clearly decreased across Hesse, with varying local and regional patterns. Further, historically old orchards tended to have a larger area, higher shape complexity, and were located closer to settlements, highways, and neighbouring orchards. In contrast, newly established orchards were often found at higher elevations and on steeper slopes. Finally, the three historical orchard hotspots also experienced the most notable losses driven by different factors, namely the expansion of Artificial Surfaces, Residential Buildings, and Agricultural Land. We highlight the importance of such multitemporal spatial data for a wide range of ecological applications, and we encourage the use of novel technologies to support geospatial analyses in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • André Große-Stoltenberg & Andreas Hanzl & Mojdeh Safaei & Till Kleinebecker, 2024. "Once Common, Long in Decline: Dynamics of Traditional Orchards in a Central European Landscape," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:10:p:1639-:d:1494640
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Tobias Plieninger, 2011. "Capitalizing on the Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry in Germany's Agricultural Landscapes: Realigning the Climate Change Mitigation and Landscape Conservation Agendas," Landscape Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(4), pages 435-454.
    3. Claudia Bieling & Tobias Plieninger, 2013. "Recording Manifestations of Cultural Ecosystem Services in the Landscape," Landscape Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 649-667, October.
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